---
title: Among the leading classical artists were Frédéric Chopin, Artur Rubi… — Poland · tree and pragmatics
description: Among the leading classical artists were Frédéric Chopin, Artur Rubinstein, Ignacy Jan Paderewski, Krzysztof Penderecki, Henryk Wieniawski, Karol Szymanowski, Witold Lutosławski, and Stanisław Moniuszko. Who acts: classical artists. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Poland» with its dependency tree and pra
---

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# Poland, sentence 451

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From Wikipedia, [«Poland»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Among the leading classical artists were Frédéric Chopin, Artur Rubinstein, Ignacy Jan Paderewski, Krzysztof Penderecki, Henryk Wieniawski, Karol Szymanowski, Witold Lutosławski, and Stanisław Moniuszko.

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**Who acts:** classical artists · **What happens:** lead, be

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Poland». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (classical artists), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Poland:451
# text = Among the leading classical artists were Frédéric Chopin, Artur Rubinstein, Ignacy Jan Paderewski, Krzysztof Penderecki, Henryk Wieniawski, Karol Szymanowski, Witold Lutosławski, and Stanisław Moniuszko.
1	Among	among	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
3	leading	lead	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	amod	_	_
4	classical	classical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	artists	artist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
6	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	Frédéric	Frédéric	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	Chopin	Chopin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	Artur	Artur	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
11	Rubinstein	Rubinstein	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	Ignacy	Ignacy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	Jan	January	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
15	Paderewski	Paderewski	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	Krzysztof	Krzysztof	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
18	Penderecki	Penderecki	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	Henryk	Henryk	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
21	Wieniawski	Wieniawski	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	Karol	Karol	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
24	Szymanowski	Szymanowski	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
26	Witold	Witold	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
27	Lutosławski	Lutosławski	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
30	Stanisław	Stanisław	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
31	Moniuszko	Moniuszko	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	30	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lead** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition |
| 2 | **is** | past | classical artists |  |  |  |  | among the leading Frédéric and Artur and Ignacy Jan and Krzysztof and Henryk and Karol and Witold and Stanisław; Artur *conj*; Krzysztof *conj*; Henryk *conj*; Karol *conj*; Witold *conj*; Stanisław *conj* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Poland», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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