---
title: These were Lesser Poland, Greater Poland, Silesia, Masovia, and Sand… — Poland · tree and pragmatics
description: These were Lesser Poland, Greater Poland, Silesia, Masovia, and Sandomierz, with intermittent hold over Pomerania. Who acts: These. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Poland» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Poland, sentence 54

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From Wikipedia, [«Poland»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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These were Lesser Poland, Greater Poland, Silesia, Masovia, and Sandomierz, with intermittent hold over Pomerania.

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**Who acts:** These · **What happens:** be · **To what, where:** Lesser Poland

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Poland». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (These), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Poland:54
# text = These were Lesser Poland, Greater Poland, Silesia, Masovia, and Sandomierz, with intermittent hold over Pomerania.
1	These	this	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	4	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	Lesser	less	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	amod	_	_
4	Poland	Poland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	Greater	Greater	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	Poland	Poland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	Silesia	Silesia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	Masovia	Masovia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	Sandomierz	Sandomierz	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	with	with	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	intermittent	intermittent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	hold	hold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
19	over	over	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	Pomerania	Pomerania	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | These | Lesser Poland and Greater Poland and Silesia and Masovia and Sandomierz and intermittent hold over Pomerania |  |  |  | Greater Poland and Silesia and Masovia *conj*; Sandomierz *conj*; intermittent hold over Pomerania *conj* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Poland», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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