---
title: Among Vanuatu's 138 indigenous languages, many are spoken in the cap… — Port Vila · tree and pragmatics
description: Among Vanuatu's 138 indigenous languages, many are spoken in the capital, as people from rural areas come to live in the city, either temporarily or permanently. Who acts: people. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Port Vila» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Port Vila, sentence 51

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From Wikipedia, [«Port Vila»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Vila), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Among Vanuatu's 138 indigenous languages, many are spoken in the capital, as people from rural areas come to live in the city, either temporarily or permanently.

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**Who acts:** people · **What happens:** speak, come, live · **To what, where:** many, capital, city · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Port Vila». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Port_Vila:51
# text = Among Vanuatu's 138 indigenous languages, many are spoken in the capital, as people from rural areas come to live in the city, either temporarily or permanently.
1	Among	among	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
2	Vanuatu	Vanuatu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	138	138	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
5	indigenous	indigenous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	languages	language	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
8	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	capital	capital	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
15	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
16	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nsubj	_	_
17	from	from	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	rural	rural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	areas	area	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nmod	_	_
20	come	come	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
21	to	to	PART	TO	_	22	mark	_	_
22	live	live	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	xcomp	_	_
23	in	in	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
27	either	either	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc:preconj	_	_
28	temporarily	temporarily	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
29	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
30	permanently	permanently	ADV	RB	_	28	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | present · passive |  | many |  | the capital |  | among Vanuatu's 138 indigenous languages; temporarily *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **come** | present | people from rural areas |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **live** | to-infinitive | people from rural areas *not said here* |  |  | the city |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in city=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Port Vila», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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