---
title: Of note is the fact that the Nigeria-Benin southern border area arbi… — Porto-Novo · tree and pragmatics
description: Of note is the fact that the Nigeria-Benin southern border area arbitrarily cuts through contiguous areas of Yoruba and Egun-speaking people. Who acts: Nigeria Benin, southern border area, Yoruba. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Porto-Novo» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Porto-Novo, sentence 24

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From Wikipedia, [«Porto-Novo»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porto-Novo), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Of note is the fact that the Nigeria-Benin southern border area arbitrarily cuts through contiguous areas of Yoruba and Egun-speaking people.

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**Who acts:** Nigeria Benin, southern border area, Yoruba · **What happens:** be, area, cut, speak · **To what, where:** fact, contiguous areas, people · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Porto-Novo». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Nigeria Benin, southern border area, Yoruba), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Porto-Novo:24
# text = Of note is the fact that the Nigeria-Benin southern border area arbitrarily cuts through contiguous areas of Yoruba and Egun-speaking people.
1	Of	of	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	note	note	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	fact	fact	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
8	Nigeria	Nigeria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	Benin	Benin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
11	southern	southern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
12	border	border	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	area	area	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
14	arbitrarily	arbitrarily	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	cuts	cut	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl	_	_
16	through	through	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	contiguous	contiguous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	areas	area	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	Yoruba	Yoruba	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	Egun	Egun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	speaking	speak	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	20	acl	_	_
25	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | the fact |  |  |  | of note | tree rules |
| 2 | **area** |  | Nigeria Benin |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **cut** | present | the southern border area | the fact *not said here* |  | contiguous areas of Yoruba and Egun |  | arbitrarily *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset fact=Product |
| 4 | **speak** *speech: other* | gerund | Yoruba and Egun *not said here* | people |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Porto-Novo», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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