---
title: In 1863, following British bombardment, Porto-Novo accepted French p… — Porto-Novo · tree and pragmatics
description: In 1863, following British bombardment, Porto-Novo accepted French protection, and by 1900, it became the capital of French Dahomey. Who acts: protection. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Porto-Novo» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Porto-Novo, sentence 3

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From Wikipedia, [«Porto-Novo»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porto-Novo), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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In 1863, following British bombardment, Porto-Novo accepted French protection, and by 1900, it became the capital of French Dahomey.

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**Who acts:** protection · **What happens:** follow, accept, become · **To what, where:** French protection, 1863, capital

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Porto-Novo». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (protection), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Porto-Novo:3
# text = In 1863, following British bombardment, Porto-Novo accepted French protection, and by 1900, it became the capital of French Dahomey.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	1863	1863	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	case	_	_
5	British	British	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	bombardment	bombardment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	Porto	Porto	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	Novo	Novo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
11	accepted	accept	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	French	French	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	protection	protection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
16	by	by	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	1900	1900	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
19	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
20	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	capital	capital	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	xcomp	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	French	French	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	_
25	Dahomey	Dahomey	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **accept** | past |  | French protection |  | 1863 |  | follow British bombardment | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent protection=Theme |
| 3 | **become** | past | protection | the capital of French |  |  |  | by 1900 | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Porto-Novo», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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