---
title: The kingdom became a republic in, before becoming a dictatorship in,… — Portugal · tree and pragmatics
description: The kingdom became a republic in, before becoming a dictatorship in, whose 1974 overthrow enabled democracy to be established in. Who acts: kingdom, 1974 overthrow. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Portugal» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Portugal, sentence 10

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From Wikipedia, [«Portugal»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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The kingdom became a republic in, before becoming a dictatorship in, whose 1974 overthrow enabled democracy to be established in.

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**Who acts:** kingdom, 1974 overthrow · **What happens:** become, become in, enable, establish in · **To what, where:** republic, dictatorship, democracy

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Portugal». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (kingdom, 1974 overthrow), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Portugal:10
# text = The kingdom became a republic in, before becoming a dictatorship in, whose 1974 overthrow enabled democracy to be established in.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	kingdom	kingdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	republic	republic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	xcomp	_	_
6	in	in	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	becoming	become	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	dictatorship	dictatorship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	xcomp	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	16	nmod:poss	_	_
15	1974	1974	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	16	nummod	_	_
16	overthrow	overthrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
17	enabled	enable	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
18	democracy	democracy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
19	to	to	PART	TO	_	21	mark	_	_
20	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	aux:pass	_	_
21	established	establish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	advcl	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	RP	_	21	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | past | the kingdom | a republic |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **become in** | gerund | the kingdom *not said here* | a dictatorship |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **enable** | past | 1974 overthrow | democracy |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **establish in** | to-infinitive · passive | 1974 overthrow *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP» |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Portugal», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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