---
title: Climate change is projected to raise average temperatures in Portuga… — Portugal · tree and pragmatics
description: Climate change is projected to raise average temperatures in Portugal by as much as 3-4 °C by 2100 relative to the 1990s–2010s average, with impacts in water, ecosystem, agriculture, health, and security. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Portugal» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Portugal, sentence 137

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From Wikipedia, [«Portugal»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Climate change is projected to raise average temperatures in Portugal by as much as 3-4 °C by 2100 relative to the 1990s–2010s average, with impacts in water, ecosystem, agriculture, health, and security.

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**What happens:** project, raise · **To what, where:** Climate change, average temperatures, Portugal

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Portugal». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Portugal:137
# text = Climate change is projected to raise average temperatures in Portugal by as much as 3-4 °C by 2100 relative to the 1990s–2010s average, with impacts in water, ecosystem, agriculture, health, and security.
1	Climate	climate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	change	change	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	projected	project	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	raise	raise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	average	average	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	temperatures	temperature	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Portugal	Portugal	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	as	as	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	obl	_	_
14	as	as	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	3-4	3-4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	obl	_	_
16	°	°	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	C	C	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
18	by	by	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	2100	2100	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	20	nummod	_	_
20	relative	relative	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
21	to	to	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	1990s	1990s	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	–	-	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	2010s	2010	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card	23	conj	_	_
26	average	average	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
28	with	with	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	impacts	impact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
30	in	in	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
33	ecosystem	ecosystem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
35	agriculture	agriculture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
37	health	health	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	40	punct	_	_
39	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	40	cc	_	_
40	security	security	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **project** | present · passive |  | Climate change |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **raise** | to-infinitive |  | average temperatures |  | Portugal |  | by much; as 3-4; ° C; by 2100 relative; to the 1990s and 2010s; with impacts in water and ecosystem and agriculture and health and security | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: agent=Agent temperature=Theme in portugal=Destination by much=Initial\_Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Portugal», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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