---
title: Geographical and climatic conditions facilitate the spread of invasi… — Portugal · tree and pragmatics
description: Geographical and climatic conditions facilitate the spread of invasive plant species. Who acts: Geographical conditions. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Portugal» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Portugal, sentence 145

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From Wikipedia, [«Portugal»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Geographical and climatic conditions facilitate the spread of invasive plant species.

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**Who acts:** Geographical conditions · **What happens:** facilitate, spread · **To what, where:** spread, invasive plant species

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Portugal». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Geographical conditions), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Portugal:145
# text = Geographical and climatic conditions facilitate the spread of invasive plant species.
1	Geographical	geographical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	climatic	climatic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	_
4	conditions	condition	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	facilitate	facilitate	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	spread	spread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	invasive	invasive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
10	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	species	species	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **facilitate** | present | Geographical conditions | the spread of invasive plant species |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **spread** |  |  | invasive plant species |  |  |  |  | nom spread «event transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Portugal», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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