---
title: Portugal has a literary tradition that predates the Portuguese langu… — Portugal · tree and pragmatics
description: Portugal has a literary tradition that predates the Portuguese language going back into the early 13th century. Who acts: Portugal, literary tradition, Portuguese language. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Portugal» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Portugal, sentence 331

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From Wikipedia, [«Portugal»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Portugal has a literary tradition that predates the Portuguese language going back into the early 13th century.

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**Who acts:** Portugal, literary tradition, Portuguese language · **What happens:** have, predate, go back · **To what, where:** literary tradition, Portuguese language

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Portugal». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Portugal, literary tradition, Portuguese language), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Portugal:331
# text = Portugal has a literary tradition that predates the Portuguese language going back into the early 13th century.
1	Portugal	Portugal	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	literary	literary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	tradition	tradition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	predates	predate	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	Portuguese	portuguese	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
11	going	go	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	acl	_	_
12	back	back	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
13	into	into	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
15	early	early	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
16	13th	13th	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Ord	17	amod	_	_
17	century	century	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Portugal | a literary tradition |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tradition=Patient |
| 2 | **predate** | present | a literary tradition | the Portuguese language |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme language=Co-Theme |
| 3 | **go back** | gerund | the Portuguese language *not said here* |  |  |  | century |  | vn convert-26.6.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Portugal», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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