---
title: Between the 14th and early 15th century, Portugal was struck by seve… — Portugal · tree and pragmatics
description: Between the 14th and early 15th century, Portugal was struck by several outbreaks of the plague, civil wars, invasions, famines, and natural disasters that led to a population decrease, labour shortages, and rise in antisemitism. Who acts: several outbreaks, natural disasters. A sentence of Wikipedi
---

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# Portugal, sentence 54

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From Wikipedia, [«Portugal»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Between the 14th and early 15th century, Portugal was struck by several outbreaks of the plague, civil wars, invasions, famines, and natural disasters that led to a population decrease, labour shortages, and rise in antisemitism.

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**Who acts:** several outbreaks, natural disasters · **What happens:** strike, lead, rise · **To what, where:** Portugal, antisemitism

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Portugal». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (several outbreaks, natural disasters), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Portugal:54
# text = Between the 14th and early 15th century, Portugal was struck by several outbreaks of the plague, civil wars, invasions, famines, and natural disasters that led to a population decrease, labour shortages, and rise in antisemitism.
1	Between	between	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
3	14th	14th	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Ord	7	amod	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	early	early	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
6	15th	15th	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	century	century	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
9	Portugal	Portugal	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	struck	strike	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	several	several	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	outbreaks	outbreak	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	plague	plague	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	civil	civil	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	wars	war	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
22	invasions	invasion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
24	famines	famine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
27	natural	natural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	disasters	disaster	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
29	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	30	nsubj	_	_
30	led	lead	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	acl:relcl	_	_
31	to	to	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
32	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
33	population	population	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	compound	_	_
34	decrease	decrease	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
36	labour	labour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	compound	_	_
37	shortages	shortage	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	34	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	40	punct	_	_
39	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	40	cc	_	_
40	rise	rise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	30	conj	_	_
41	in	in	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
42	antisemitism	antisemitism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **strike** | past · passive | several outbreaks of the plague and civil wars and invasions and famines | Portugal |  |  | century | natural disasters *obl* | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent subject=Instrument |
| 2 | **lead** | past | natural disasters |  |  |  |  | to a population decrease and labour shortages | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition to decrease=Patient |
| 3 | **rise** | infinitive | natural disasters *not said here* |  |  | antisemitism |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in antisemitism=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Portugal», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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