---
title: Pombal's failed industrialisation efforts, education policies that w… — Portugal · tree and pragmatics
description: Pombal's failed industrialisation efforts, education policies that weakened human-capital formation, and expulsion of the Jesuits, reducing student numbers and contributing to Portugal's decline in literacy. Who acts: education policies, Portugal. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Portugal» with its depend
---

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# Portugal, sentence 82

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From Wikipedia, [«Portugal»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Pombal's failed industrialisation efforts, education policies that weakened human-capital formation, and expulsion of the Jesuits, reducing student numbers and contributing to Portugal's decline in literacy.

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**Who acts:** education policies, Portugal · **What happens:** fail, weaken, reduce, contribute, expel, decline · **To what, where:** capital formation, student numbers, decline, failed industrialisation efforts, Jesuits, literacy

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Portugal». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (education policies, Portugal), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Portugal:82
# text = Pombal's failed industrialisation efforts, education policies that weakened human-capital formation, and expulsion of the Jesuits, reducing student numbers and contributing to Portugal's decline in literacy.
1	Pombal	Pombal	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	failed	fail	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	_
4	industrialisation	industrialisation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	efforts	effort	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	education	education	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	policies	policy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	weakened	weaken	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
11	human	human	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	capital	capital	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	formation	formation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	expulsion	expulsion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	Jesuits	Jesuit	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
22	reducing	reduce	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	20	appos	_	_
23	student	student	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	_
24	numbers	number	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obj	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	contributing	contribute	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	22	conj	_	_
27	to	to	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
28	Portugal	Portugal	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	30	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	's	's	PART	POS	_	28	case	_	_
30	decline	decline	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	_
31	in	in	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	literacy	literacy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fail** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **weaken** | past | education policies | capital formation |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent formation=Patient |
| 3 | **reduce** | gerund |  | student numbers |  |  |  |  | vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer number=Patient |
| 4 | **contribute** | gerund |  |  | Portugal's decline in literacy |  |  |  | vn contribute-13.2-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to decline=Recipient |
| 6 | **expel** |  |  | the Jesuits |  |  |  |  | nom expulsion «act transitive»: of=patient |
| 7 | **decline** |  | Portugal |  |  | literacy |  |  | nom decline «process intransitive»: poss=agent in=place |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Portugal», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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