---
title: Quito — English Wikipedia · full text with trees · page 3
description: Wikipedia's «Quito», whole, every sentence with its dependency tree and pragmatics, CC BY-SA 4.0. It begins: Quito (ˈkito; Kitu), officially San Francisco de Quito, is the capital and second-largest city of Ecuador, with an estimated population of 2.8 million in its metropolitan area.
---

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# Quito · page 3

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From Wikipedia, [«Quito»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quito), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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[1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Quito/) [2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Quito/page/2/) **3**

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#### Bicentenario

[Parque Bicentenario](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parque_Bicentenario_de_Quito) is the second-largest urban park in Quito (surpassed only by the Parque Metropolitano), located in the site of the [Old Mariscal Sucre International Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Mariscal_Sucre_International_Airport).[263](../../263/ "tree and pragmatics") It was inaugurated on 27 April 2013.[264](../../264/ "tree and pragmatics") This park has 200 acres, and is 2800 m above mean sea level.[265](../../265/ "tree and pragmatics") The former runway has been converted into recreational space with lanes painted for bicycles and pedestrians.[266](../../266/ "tree and pragmatics") There are play structures and games for children.[267](../../267/ "tree and pragmatics") As well, there is outdoor exercise equipment for adults.[268](../../268/ "tree and pragmatics") The park contains a man-made pond and more than one thousand trees, many newly planted.[269](../../269/ "tree and pragmatics") The park also hosts cultural exhibits and outdoor concerts.[270](../../270/ "tree and pragmatics")

#### La Carolina

[La Carolina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parque_La_Carolina)[\[59\]](../../page/3/#ref-59 "note 59") is a 165.5-acre (670,000 m2) park in the center of the Quito main business area, bordered by Av.[271](../../271/ "tree and pragmatics") Río Amazonas, Av. de los Shyris, Av.[272](../../272/ "tree and pragmatics") Naciones Unidas, Av.[273](../../273/ "tree and pragmatics") Eloy Alfaro, and Av. de la República.[274](../../274/ "tree and pragmatics") This park started from the expropriation of the farm La Carolina in 1939.[275](../../275/ "tree and pragmatics") The design of the park was made by the Dirección Metropolitana de Planificación Territorial (DMPT).[276](../../276/ "tree and pragmatics") At the south of the park, the Cruz del Papa (Pope's Cross) was erected on the site where [Pope John Paul II](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II) headed a great mass during his visit to Ecuador in 1985.[\[60\]](../../page/3/#ref-60 "note 60")[277](../../277/ "tree and pragmatics")

#### El Ejido

El Ejido[\[61\]](../../page/3/#ref-61 "note 61") is the fourth-largest park of Quito (after Metropolitan, Bicentenario and La Carolina), and it divides the old part of the city from the modern one.[278](../../278/ "tree and pragmatics") This park is known for handicrafts available for sale every Saturday and Sunday, with all pricing subject to negotiation (that is, haggling).[279](../../279/ "tree and pragmatics") Local painters sell copies of paintings by [Oswaldo Guayasamín](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oswaldo_Guayasamín),[\[62\]](../../page/3/#ref-62 "note 62") [Eduardo Kingman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eduardo_Kingman), and [Gonzalo Endara Crow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonzalo_Endara_Crow).[280](../../280/ "tree and pragmatics") [Otavaleños](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otavalo_people) sell traditional sweaters, [ponchos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponchos), carpets, and jewelry.[281](../../281/ "tree and pragmatics")

#### Guápulo

Set on the side on a cliff with González Suárez Street, one of the most famous in Quito and to the other side the valley and further in the distance, the Amazon Jungle.[282](../../282/ "tree and pragmatics") [Guápulo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guápulo) is a district of Quito, Ecuador, also called an electoral parish (parroquia electoral urbana).[283](../../283/ "tree and pragmatics") The parish was established as a result of the October 2004 political elections when the city was divided into 19 urban electoral parishes.[\[63\]](../../page/3/#ref-63 "note 63")[284](../../284/ "tree and pragmatics") Set behind Hotel Quito, the neighborhood of Guápulo runs down the winding Camino de Orellana, from Av.[285](../../285/ "tree and pragmatics") González Suárez to Calle de los Conquistadores, the main road out of Quito and to the neighboring suburbs.[\[64\]](../../page/3/#ref-64 "note 64")[\[65\]](../../page/3/#ref-65 "note 65")[286](../../286/ "tree and pragmatics") Often considered an artsy, bohemian neighborhood of Quito, Guápulo is home to many local artists and a couple of hippy cafés/bars.[287](../../287/ "tree and pragmatics") Every year on 7 September the Guapuleños honor their neighborhood with the Fiestas de Guápulo, a fantastic celebration complete with costumes, parade, food, drink, song, dance, and fireworks.[288](../../288/ "tree and pragmatics")

#### La Alameda

The long triangular La Alameda is at the beginning of street Guayaquil, where the historic center begins.[289](../../289/ "tree and pragmatics") It has an impressive monument of [Simón Bolívar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simón_Bolívar) at the apex.[290](../../290/ "tree and pragmatics") There are several other interesting monuments in this park.[291](../../291/ "tree and pragmatics") In the center of the park is the Quito Observatory, which was opened by President García Moreno in 1873.[292](../../292/ "tree and pragmatics") It is used for both meteorology and astronomy.[293](../../293/ "tree and pragmatics") At the north end of the park are two ornamental lakes, where rowboats can be rented.[294](../../294/ "tree and pragmatics")

#### La Floresta

One of the most iconic neighborhoods in the city, with an important cultural and gastronomic offer.[295](../../295/ "tree and pragmatics") The neighborhood has local and international restaurants, a cinema, small theaters, cafes, bars, museums and coworking spaces.[296](../../296/ "tree and pragmatics")

### TeleferiQo

<!-- .mk -->
Main article: [TelefériQo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TelefériQo)

The Aerial tramway Station at Cruz Loma (part of the Pichincha mountain complex at about 4000 m).[297](../../297/ "tree and pragmatics") Since July 2005, Quito has had an [aerial tramway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerial_tramway), known as the "Telefériqo", from the city center to the hill known as Cruz Loma on the east side of the Pichincha volcano.[298](../../298/ "tree and pragmatics") The ride takes visitors to an elevation of about 4100 m. There are also trails for hiking and areas where pictures can be taken of Quito.[299](../../299/ "tree and pragmatics") Because of the increased elevation and the wind on the mountain, it is considerably cooler.[300](../../300/ "tree and pragmatics")

Besides the aerial tramway to Cruz Loma, the [Telefériqo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telefériqo) as a whole is a visitor center that includes an amusement park ([Vulqano Park](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulqano_Park)), fine-dining restaurants, Go Karts, Paint Ball, shopping malls, an extensive food court, and other attractions.[301](../../301/ "tree and pragmatics")

### Outside the city

La [Mitad del Mundo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciudad_Mitad_del_Mundo)[\[66\]](../../page/3/#ref-66 "note 66") (the middle of the world) is a small village administered by the prefecture of the province of Pichincha, 35 km north of Quito.[302](../../302/ "tree and pragmatics") It has since been determined, with the use of [Global Positioning System](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Positioning_System) technology, that the actual equator is some 240 m north of the monument area.[303](../../303/ "tree and pragmatics") Nearby is the Intiñan Solar Museum, which may be closer to the true equator.[\[67\]](../../page/3/#ref-67 "note 67")[304](../../304/ "tree and pragmatics") The Intiñan Solar Museum provides a demonstration which purports to show the [Coriolis force](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coriolis_force) causing a clockwise rotation of sink water a few meters south of the equator and a counterclockwise rotation a few meters north,[\[68\]](../../page/3/#ref-68 "note 68") but many scientific sources claim that this is implausible.[\[69\]](../../page/3/#ref-69 "note 69")[\[70\]](../../page/3/#ref-70 "note 70")[\[71\]](../../page/3/#ref-71 "note 71")[\[72\]](../../page/3/#ref-72 "note 72")[\[73\]](../../page/3/#ref-73 "note 73")[305](../../305/ "tree and pragmatics")

[Pululahua Geobotanical Reserve](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pululahua_Geobotanical_Reserve), located a few miles northwest from La Mitad del Mundo, contains the Pululahua volcano, whose [caldera](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caldera) (crater) is visible from a spot easily accessible by car.[306](../../306/ "tree and pragmatics") It is believed to be one of only a few in the world with human inhabitants.[307](../../307/ "tree and pragmatics")

Quito Zoo,[\[74\]](../../page/3/#ref-74 "note 74") located near the rural parish of [Guayllabamba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guayllabamba), about 20 km outside Quito, has the biggest collection of native fauna in Ecuador, including several kinds of animals that are sometimes targeted in Ecuador in the illegal fur trade.[308](../../308/ "tree and pragmatics") The Zoo works in conservation and education in Ecuador and has successfully bred the endangered Andean condor.[309](../../309/ "tree and pragmatics")

[Maquipucuna Reserve](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maquipucuna) is in Quito's rural parish of Nanegal.[310](../../310/ "tree and pragmatics") This 14,000 acre high biodiversity rainforest and cloud forest reserve protects over 1966 species of plants[\[75\]](../../page/3/#ref-75 "note 75") (10% of Ecuador's plant diversity) and close to 400 bird species.[311](../../311/ "tree and pragmatics") This reserve, which is surrounded by a 34,000 acre protected forest, was declared an IBA (Important Bird Area) in 2005[\[76\]](../../page/3/#ref-76 "note 76") and is the core of the conservation corridor for the [spectacled bear](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectacled_bear) (Andean bear) declared in 2013.[\[77\]](../../page/3/#ref-77 "note 77")[312](../../312/ "tree and pragmatics") The area has an ecolodge located in the northern end of the Reserve where the spectacled bear can be sighted for about two months every year.[313](../../313/ "tree and pragmatics")

Some of the other nearby natural attractions are:[314](../../314/ "tree and pragmatics")

- [Maquipucuna Reserve](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maquipucuna) Conservation, community projects, bird watching, spectacled bear watching[315](../../315/ "tree and pragmatics")
- [Bellavista Cloud Forest Reserve](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bellavista_Cloud_Forest_Reserve) conservation and bird watching lodge[316](../../316/ "tree and pragmatics")
- [Cayambe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cayambe_%28volcano%29) – Coca Ecological Reserve[317](../../317/ "tree and pragmatics")
- Papallacta & Oyacachi thermal springs[318](../../318/ "tree and pragmatics")
- [Cotopaxi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cotopaxi) National Park[319](../../319/ "tree and pragmatics")
- [Mindo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindo,_Ecuador) Nambillo cloud forest[320](../../320/ "tree and pragmatics")
- [Illiniza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illiniza) volcano[321](../../321/ "tree and pragmatics")
- [Pasochoa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasochoa) Wildlife Refuge[322](../../322/ "tree and pragmatics")
- [Pichincha volcano](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pichincha_Volcano) with its peaks Wawa Pichincha and Ruku Pichincha[323](../../323/ "tree and pragmatics")

### Culture

<!-- .mk -->
See also: [Quito School](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quito_School)

Quito is a city with a mix of modern-day and traditional culture.[324](../../324/ "tree and pragmatics") There is a large [Catholic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic) presence in Quito; most notably, Quito observes [Holy Week](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Week) with a series of ceremonies and rituals that begin on [Palm Sunday](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palm_Sunday).[325](../../325/ "tree and pragmatics") At noon on [Good Friday](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Good_Friday), the March of the Penitents proceeds from the [Church of San Francisco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_San_Francisco_de_Quito).[\[78\]](../../page/3/#ref-78 "note 78")[326](../../326/ "tree and pragmatics")

## Education

### Universities

According to the National Council for Higher Education of Ecuador (CONESUP), these are the universities founded in or around Quito before 2006:[\[79\]](../../page/3/#ref-79 "note 79")[327](../../327/ "tree and pragmatics")

| University | Foundation Date |
| --- | --- |
| [Central University of Ecuador](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_University_of_Ecuador) | 18 March 1826 |
| [National Polytechnic School](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Polytechnic_School_%28Ecuador%29) | 27 August 1869 |
| [Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontifical_Catholic_University_of_Ecuador) | 4 November 1946 |
| [Universidad San Francisco de Quito](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidad_San_Francisco_de_Quito) | 25 October 1988 |
| [Instituto de Altos Estudios Nacionales](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instituto_de_Altos_Estudios_Nacionales) | 20 June 1972 |
| [Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facultad_Latinoamericana_de_Ciencias_Sociales) | 16 December 1974 |
| [Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidad_de_las_Fuerzas_Armadas_ESPE) | 8 December 1977 |
| [Universidad Tecnológica Equinoccial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidad_Tecnológica_Equinoccial) | 18 February 1986 |
| [Universidad Andina Simon Bolivar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidad_Andina_Simon_Bolivar) | 27 January 1992 |
| [Universidad Internacional SEK](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidad_Internacional_SEK) | 30 June 1993 |
| Universidad de las Américas | 29 November 1995 |
| Universidad Internacional del Ecuador | 30 August 1996 |
| Universidad Del Pacifico: Escuela de Negocios | 18 December 1997 |
| Universidad de Especialidades Turísticas | 31 March 2000 |
| Universidad de los Hemisferios | 20 May 2004 |
| [Universidad Politécnica Salesiana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politecnica_Salesiana_University) | 5 August 1994 |

### Libraries

One of the oldest and most important libraries in Ecuador is the Central University Library in Quito.[328](../../328/ "tree and pragmatics") It was founded in 1586 and has 170,000 volumes in its possession.[\[80\]](../../page/3/#ref-80 "note 80")[329](../../329/ "tree and pragmatics") The Aurelio Espinoza Polit in Cotocollao, Casas de la Cultura and Catholic University are also important ones.[330](../../330/ "tree and pragmatics")

## Museums

- [National Museum of Ecuador](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Museum_of_Ecuador) – This art and archaeology museum in the [House of Ecuadorian Culture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Ecuadorian_Culture) houses five displays.[331](../../331/ "tree and pragmatics") Each covers a different time period, ranging from prehistory to modern Ecuador.[\[81\]](../../page/3/#ref-81 "note 81")[332](../../332/ "tree and pragmatics")
- Centro de Arte Contemporaneo – Located north of Basilica del Voto Nacional, this museum has permanent and temporary exhibitions.[333](../../333/ "tree and pragmatics") The historic building used to be a military hospital and was renovated for its new purpose.[334](../../334/ "tree and pragmatics")
- [Casa del Alabado](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casa_del_Alabado_Museum_of_Pre-Columbian_Art) – Located just south of Plaza San Francisco, this is the Old Town's newest museum and houses a collection of pre-colonial art.[335](../../335/ "tree and pragmatics") The building is one of the oldest houses in the city.[336](../../336/ "tree and pragmatics")
- [Museo de la Ciudad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_Museum_%28Quito%29) – A museum dedicated to the history of Quito.[337](../../337/ "tree and pragmatics") Located just east of the Plaza de Santo Domingo,[\[82\]](../../page/3/#ref-82 "note 82") it is housed in the buildings of the former [San Juan de Dios Hospital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Juan_de_Dios_Hospital_%28Quito%29), a UNESCO Cultural World Heritage Site.[338](../../338/ "tree and pragmatics")
- [La Capilla del Hombre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Capilla_del_Hombre) – A museum showcasing the work of legendary Ecuadorian Artist [Oswaldo Guayasamín](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oswaldo_Guayasamín)[339](../../339/ "tree and pragmatics")
- [Ecuador National Museum of Medicine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecuador_National_Museum_of_Medicine) – A museum dedicated to the history of medicine[\[83\]](../../page/3/#ref-83 "note 83") in Quito, founded by [Eduardo Estrella Aguirre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eduardo_Estrella_Aguirre).[340](../../340/ "tree and pragmatics") Estrella was in the Archives of the [Royal Botanical Gardens in Madrid, Spain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_Jardín_Botánico_de_Madrid) in 1985 and uncovered the lost papers and paintings documenting one of the first expeditions to South America.[341](../../341/ "tree and pragmatics") In Madrid Spain, Estrella worked for many years and documented his observations in the archive and was able to publish the extensive work of Juan Tafalla in a book called [Flora Huayaquilensis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flora_Huayaquilensis).[342](../../342/ "tree and pragmatics")
- [Museum House of Sucre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum_House_of_Sucre) – This museum is dedicated to life of Mariscal [Antonio José de Sucre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_José_de_Sucre), a hero of Ecuadorian independence.[343](../../343/ "tree and pragmatics") The ground floor has an array of weapons and military relics, many of which belonged to Sucre himself.[344](../../344/ "tree and pragmatics") The second floor has been restored to what it might have looked like in Sucre's time.[\[84\]](../../page/3/#ref-84 "note 84")[345](../../345/ "tree and pragmatics")

## Sports

Quito is home to several prominent football clubs in the country.[346](../../346/ "tree and pragmatics") The city's top clubs ([LDU Quito](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liga_Deportiva_Universitaria_de_Quito), [El Nacional](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Club_Deportivo_El_Nacional)), as well as [Deportivo Quito](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociedad_Deportivo_Quito), [Aucas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociedad_Deportiva_Aucas) and [Independiente del Valle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independiente_del_Valle) have won 33 league titles, 4 Copa Ecuador, and 3 Ecuadorian Supercups, adding to a total of 40 national championships.[347](../../347/ "tree and pragmatics") Deportivo Quito was also the first out of the three home teams to win the title.[348](../../348/ "tree and pragmatics") Furthermore, Quito is the only city in Ecuador which has clubs that have won continental titles.[349](../../349/ "tree and pragmatics") [LDU Quito](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liga_Deportiva_Universitaria_de_Quito) is Ecuador's most successful team, as it is the only club from the country to have won the [Copa Libertadores](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copa_Libertadores), in [2008](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Copa_Libertadores), as well as four more international titles.[\[85\]](../../page/3/#ref-85 "note 85")[350](../../350/ "tree and pragmatics") The other club is [Independiente del Valle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independiente_del_Valle), which won the [CONMEBOL Sudamericana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CONMEBOL_Sudamericana) in 2019 and 2022, as well as the Recopa Sudamericana in [2023](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Recopa_Sudamericana),[\[86\]](../../page/3/#ref-86 "note 86") adding on to eight continental titles for the city and the country.[351](../../351/ "tree and pragmatics") [El Nacional](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Club_Deportivo_El_Nacional) is the third most titled team in Ecuador's history, with 13 league titles and 2 Copa Ecuador.[\[87\]](../../page/3/#ref-87 "note 87")[352](../../352/ "tree and pragmatics") [América de Quito](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/América_de_Quito) is one of the most traditional clubs in the city, but has recently played in the lower divisions.[353](../../353/ "tree and pragmatics")

The professional teams in the city are:[354](../../354/ "tree and pragmatics")

- [América de Quito](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/América_de_Quito)[355](../../355/ "tree and pragmatics")
- [Aucas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociedad_Deportiva_Aucas)[356](../../356/ "tree and pragmatics")
- [Deportivo Quito](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociedad_Deportivo_Quito)[357](../../357/ "tree and pragmatics")
- [El Nacional](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Club_Deportivo_El_Nacional)[358](../../358/ "tree and pragmatics")
- [Liga Deportiva Universitaria (LDU)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liga_Deportiva_Universitaria_de_Quito)[359](../../359/ "tree and pragmatics")
- [Universidad Católica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Club_Deportivo_Universidad_Católica_del_Ecuador)[360](../../360/ "tree and pragmatics")

An interesting fact about Quito is that the stadiums are located over 2,800 m [above sea level](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Above_sea_level), which generally means that there is an advantage for the local teams when they play against foreign teams, and it has helped the Ecuadorian national team to qualify for four World Cups.[\[88\]](../../page/3/#ref-88 "note 88")[361](../../361/ "tree and pragmatics")

## Crime

<!-- .mk -->
See also: [Crime in Ecuador](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crime_in_Ecuador)

The [U.S. Department of State](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Department_of_State) notes that [petty theft](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petty_theft) is the most common crime issue facing tourists in Quito,[\[89\]](../../page/3/#ref-89 "note 89") stating in 2015: "Pickpocketing, purse snatching, robbery, bag slashing, and hotel room theft are the most common types of crimes committed against U.S. citizens."[\[90\]](../../page/3/#ref-90 "note 90")[362](../../362/ "tree and pragmatics")

Ecuadorian President Daniel Noboa has stated that about 70% of the world's [cocaine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocaine) now transits through Ecuador's ports before onward shipment to the US and Europe.[363](../../363/ "tree and pragmatics") The [Ecuadorian security crisis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecuadorian_security_crisis) includes several criminal gangs competing for control over major drug routes.[364](../../364/ "tree and pragmatics")

In 2025, Quito saw a 32% increase in homicides, in the months of January through May, compared to 2024.[365](../../365/ "tree and pragmatics") Quito is seen as a "consumer market" by organized criminal groups, including drug gangs.[\[91\]](../../page/3/#ref-91 "note 91")[366](../../366/ "tree and pragmatics")

## Notable people

- [Teresa de Ahumada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teresa_de_Ahumada), Discalced Carmelite nun (1566–1610)[367](../../367/ "tree and pragmatics")
- [Jorge Carrera Andrade](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorge_Carrera_Andrade), poet (1902–1978)[368](../../368/ "tree and pragmatics")
- [Christian Benítez](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Benítez), footballer (1986–2013)[369](../../369/ "tree and pragmatics")
- [Chico Borja](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chico_Borja), footballer and coach (1959–2021)[\[92\]](../../page/3/#ref-92 "note 92")[370](../../370/ "tree and pragmatics")
- [Ramiro Borja](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramiro_Borja), footballer[\[93\]](../../page/3/#ref-93 "note 93")[371](../../371/ "tree and pragmatics")
- [Polo Carrera](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polo_Carrera), footballer (b. 1945)[372](../../372/ "tree and pragmatics")
- [Sebastián Cordero](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebastián_Cordero), film director (b. 1972)[373](../../373/ "tree and pragmatics")
- [Juan Manuel Correa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Manuel_Correa), racing driver (b. 1999)[374](../../374/ "tree and pragmatics")
- [Eugenio Espejo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugenio_Espejo), scientist (1747–1795)[375](../../375/ "tree and pragmatics")
- [Ana Estrella Santos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ana_Estrella_Santos), Ecuadorian professor, dialectologist, writer[376](../../376/ "tree and pragmatics")
- [Oswaldo Guayasamín](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oswaldo_Guayasamín), painter (1919–1999)[377](../../377/ "tree and pragmatics")
- [Jorge Icaza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorge_Icaza), novelist (1906–1978)[378](../../378/ "tree and pragmatics")
- [Juana Miranda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juana_Miranda), midwife and professor (1842–1914)[379](../../379/ "tree and pragmatics")
- [Mariana de Jesús de Paredes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariana_de_Jesús_de_Paredes), Catholic saint (1618–1645)[380](../../380/ "tree and pragmatics")
- [Manuela Sáenz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuela_Sáenz), revolutionary (1797–1856)[381](../../381/ "tree and pragmatics")
- [Byron Sigcho-Lopez](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byron_Sigcho-Lopez), politician and community activist (b. 1983)[382](../../382/ "tree and pragmatics")
- [Teodelinda Terán Hicks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teodelinda_Terán_Hicks), cellist (1889–1959)[383](../../383/ "tree and pragmatics")
- [Christian Zurita](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Zurita), journalist and former presidential candidate (b. 1970)[384](../../384/ "tree and pragmatics")
- [José Velasco Ibarra](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/José_María_Velasco_Ibarra), former president of Ecuador (1893–1979)[385](../../385/ "tree and pragmatics")
- [Tábata Gálvez](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tábata_Gálvez), actress, conductor, and cheerleader[386](../../386/ "tree and pragmatics")

## Twin towns – sister cities

<!-- .mk -->
See also: [List of twin towns and sister cities in South America § Ecuador](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_South_America#Ecuador)

Quito is [twinned](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sister_city) with:[387](../../387/ "tree and pragmatics")

- [Bogotá](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogotá) [corpus](../../../Bogotá/ "in our corpus"), Colombia[\[94\]](../../page/3/#ref-94 "note 94")[388](../../388/ "tree and pragmatics")
- [Cádiz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cádiz), Spain[\[95\]](../../page/3/#ref-95 "note 95")[389](../../389/ "tree and pragmatics")
- [Doha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doha) [corpus](../../../Doha/ "in our corpus"), Qatar[\[96\]](../../page/3/#ref-96 "note 96")[390](../../390/ "tree and pragmatics")
- [Guangzhou](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangzhou), China[\[97\]](../../page/3/#ref-97 "note 97")[391](../../391/ "tree and pragmatics")
- [Guarulhos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guarulhos), Brazil[\[98\]](../../page/3/#ref-98 "note 98")[392](../../392/ "tree and pragmatics")
- [Kraków](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraków), Poland[\[99\]](../../page/3/#ref-99 "note 99")[393](../../393/ "tree and pragmatics")
- [Lima](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lima) [corpus](../../../Lima/ "in our corpus"), Peru[\[100\]](../../page/3/#ref-100 "note 100")[394](../../394/ "tree and pragmatics")
- [Louisville](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky), United States[\[101\]](../../page/3/#ref-101 "note 101")[395](../../395/ "tree and pragmatics")
- [Madrid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid) [corpus](../../../Madrid/ "in our corpus"), Spain[\[102\]](../../page/3/#ref-102 "note 102")[396](../../396/ "tree and pragmatics")
- [Managua](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Managua) [corpus](../../../Managua/ "in our corpus"), Nicaragua[\[103\]](../../page/3/#ref-103 "note 103")[397](../../397/ "tree and pragmatics")
- [Medellín](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medellín), Colombia[\[104\]](../../page/3/#ref-104 "note 104")[398](../../398/ "tree and pragmatics")
- [Mexico City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico_City) [corpus](../../../Mexico_City/ "in our corpus"), Mexico[\[105\]](../../page/3/#ref-105 "note 105")[399](../../399/ "tree and pragmatics")
- [La Paz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Paz) [corpus](../../../La_Paz/ "in our corpus"), Bolivia[\[106\]](../../page/3/#ref-106 "note 106")[400](../../400/ "tree and pragmatics")
- [Taipei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taipei) [corpus](../../../Taipei/ "in our corpus"), Taiwan[\[107\]](../../page/3/#ref-107 "note 107")[401](../../401/ "tree and pragmatics")
- [Asunción](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asunción) [corpus](../../../Asunción/ "in our corpus"), Paraguay[\[108\]](../../page/3/#ref-108 "note 108")[402](../../402/ "tree and pragmatics")

## See also

<!-- .mk -->
[List of cities in Ecuador](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Ecuador)

<!-- .mk -->
[Pichincha Province](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pichincha_Province)

<!-- .mk -->
[Metropolitan District of Quito](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_District_of_Quito)

<!-- .mk -->
[Ciudad Mitad del Mundo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciudad_Mitad_del_Mundo)

## Bibliography

<!-- .mk -->
See also: [Timeline of Quito § Bibliography](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Quito#Bibliography)

## External links

<!-- .mk -->
[Explore the City of Quito in the UNESCO collection on Google Arts and Culture](https://artsandculture.google.com/story/gwWh2c7AmP3O8A)

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pager -->
[1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Quito/) [2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Quito/page/2/) **3**

## References {#references}

<!-- .ref id=ref-1 -->
1\. [Citypopulation.de](https://www.citypopulation.de/en/ecuador/towns/pichincha/170150__Quito/) Population and area of Quito

<!-- .ref id=ref-2 -->
2\. "Encyclopædia Britannica". Charles Scribner's Sons. 1878.

<!-- .ref id=ref-3 -->
3\. "[TelluBase—Ecuador Fact Sheet (Tellusant Public Service Series)](https://tellusant.com/repo/tb/tellubase_factsheet_ecu.pdf)". Tellusant.

<!-- .ref id=ref-4 -->
4\. "[Guagua Pichincha](https://www.igepn.edu.ec/guagua-pichincha)". *Instituto Geofísico, Escuela Politécnica Nacional*. 27 April 2022.

<!-- .ref id=ref-5 -->
5\. "[Contact Us](http://www.tame.com.ec/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=134&Itemid=18&lang=en) ." TAME. Retrieved on 14 March 2010.

<!-- .ref id=ref-6 -->
6\. [La Paz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Paz) is the administrative capital of [Bolivia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolivia) and is higher than Quito while [Sucre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sucre) is the constitutional capital of Bolivia and is lower than Quito.

<!-- .ref id=ref-7 -->
7\. "[Encuentran indicios de los primeros habitantes de Quito, Ecuador](https://redhistoria.com/encuentran-indicios-de-los-primeros-habitantes-de-quito-ecuador/)". *Red Historia*. 16 November 2019.

<!-- .ref id=ref-8 -->
8\. "[City of Quito – UNESCO World Heritage](https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/2)". Whc.unesco.org.

<!-- .ref id=ref-9 -->
9\. "[Robert E. Bell Archaeological Investigation at the Site of EI Inga, Ecuador \| Sam Noble Museum](http://samnoblemuseum.ou.edu/publications/robert-e-bell-archaeological-investigation-at-the-site-of-ei-inga-ecuador/)". *Sam Noble Museum*. 6 February 2015.

<!-- .ref id=ref-10 -->
10\. Lleras, Roberto. "[The Cambridge Prehistory of Ecuador, Colombia and Venezuela](https://eclass.uoa.gr/modules/document/)".

<!-- .ref id=ref-11 -->
11\. Rostworowski, María. "History of the Inca Realm". Cambridge University Press.

<!-- .ref id=ref-12 -->
12\. Porras Barrenechea, Raúl. "Los cronistas del Perú".

<!-- .ref id=ref-13 -->
13\. González Suárez, Federico. "Historia General del Ecuador".

<!-- .ref id=ref-14 -->
14\. Cabello de Balboa, Miguel. "Miscelánea antártica".

<!-- .ref id=ref-15 -->
15\. "[El Telégrafo](http://www.eltiempo.com.ec/noticias-cuenca/50199-tumbas-de-los-quitus-dejan-al-descubierto-una-cultura-brillante/)".

<!-- .ref id=ref-16 -->
16\. "[City](http://www.quito.gob.ec/ciudad/c_ciudad2.htm)". Quito Distrito Metropolitano.

<!-- .ref id=ref-17 -->
17\. Brown, Robert J. (2004). "Manipulating the Ether". McFarland.

<!-- .ref id=ref-18 -->
18\. "[Episode 200: We Interrupt This Program (11.4.2022)](https://thisiscriminal.com/episode-200-we-interrupt-this-program-11-4-2022/)". *Criminal*. 4 November 2022.

<!-- .ref id=ref-19 -->
19\. "[City of Quito](https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/2/)". *UNESCO*.

<!-- .ref id=ref-20 -->
20\. Cooney, Christy; Buschschlüter, Vanessa (2023-08-10). "[Candidate in Ecuador's presidential election Fernando Villavicencio shot dead](https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-66457472)". *BBC*.

<!-- .ref id=ref-21 -->
21\. Rios, Ana María Cañizares, Michael (2025-07-16). "[Ecuador's capital rocked by water shortage crisis upending daily life](https://www.cnn.com/2025/07/16/americas/quito-water-shortage-ecuador-intl-latam)". *CNN*.

<!-- .ref id=ref-22 -->
22\. "[Quito Ecuador Travel Guide – Altitude, Hotels, Airport, Tours](http://www.ecuadorexplorer.com/html/quito_overview.html)". *ecuadorexplorer.com*. 10 January 2013.

<!-- .ref id=ref-23 -->
23\. Chris Beall. "[Ecuador's top 10 volcanic experiences – travel tips and articles](http://www.lonelyplanet.com/ecuador/travel-tips-and-articles/76129)". *Lonely Planet*.

<!-- .ref id=ref-24 -->
24\. Naumova, En; Yepes, H; Griffiths, Jk; Sempértegui, F; Khurana, G; Jagai, Js; Játiva, E; Estrella, B (July 2007). "Guagua Pichincha". *Environmental Health*. National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service.

<!-- .ref id=ref-25 -->
25\. "[Guagua Pichincha](http://www.osei.noaa.gov/guagua.html)". *Operational Significant Event Imagery*. [National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration).

<!-- .ref id=ref-26 -->
26\. Le Pennec, J-L. (2006). "[Fourth Conference, Cities on Volcanoes](http://www.igepn.edu.ec/PUBLICACIONES/2006/LePennec459.pdf)".

<!-- .ref id=ref-27 -->
27\. "[Geography](http://www.quito.com/v/geography/)".

<!-- .ref id=ref-28 -->
28\. "[Climate: Quito – Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table](https://en.climate-data.org/south-america/ecuador/provincia-de-pichincha/quito-1012)". Climate-Data.org.

<!-- .ref id=ref-29 -->
29\. "[Weather](http://www.quito.com.ec/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=173&Itemid=340)". Sitio Oficial Turístico de Quito.

<!-- .ref id=ref-30 -->
30\. "[Average weather for Quito](http://www.weather.com/weather/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/ECXX0008?)". The Weather Channel.

<!-- .ref id=ref-31 -->
31\. "[Radiación UV nociva en Guayaquil y Quito](http://www.eluniverso.com/2008/10/23/0001/18/25F275D42FDE4AC9AE4AA40D9DC3CFE3.html)". *www.eluniverso.com*. El gran Guayaquil. 23 October 2008.

<!-- .ref id=ref-32 -->
32\. "[Alertan sobre rayos UV en Quito](http://www.metroecuador.com.ec/1532-alertan-sobre-rayos-uv-en-quito.html)". *www.metroecuador.com*. Metro Ecuador.

<!-- .ref id=ref-33 -->
33\. "[UV Index Quito, Ecuador](https://nomadseason.com/uv-index/ecuador/pichincha/quito.html)". nomadseason.com.

<!-- .ref id=ref-34 -->
34\. Frist, Bill. "[How Ecuador Serves As A Solutions Incubator To Restore The Planet's Water Health](https://www.forbes.com/sites/billfrist/2023/05/31/how-ecuador-serves-as-a-solutions-incubator-to-restore-the-planets-water-health-the-nature-conservancy-model-for-the-world/)". *Forbes*.

<!-- .ref id=ref-35 -->
35\. "[Lessons from the Páramos: How Watershed Conservation Is Restoring Biodiversity](https://www.nature.org/en-us/what-we-do/our-insights/perspectives/watershed-conservation-restoring-biodiversity/)". *The Nature Conservancy*.

<!-- .ref id=ref-36 -->
36\. source = [World Meteorological Organization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Meteorological_Organization) (1991–2020 Normals) "[WMO Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020): Quito, Ecuador](https://noaa.gov)". [National Centers for Environmental Information](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Centers_for_Environmental_Information).

<!-- .ref id=ref-37 -->
37\. "[Anuarios Meteorológicos Nacionales](https://inamhi.gob.ec)". Instituto Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología.

<!-- .ref id=ref-38 -->
38\. "[Working in Quito](https://www.internations.org/quito-expats/guide/working-in-quito-18301)". *internations.org*.

<!-- .ref id=ref-39 -->
39\. "[Contacto](http://www.eppetroecuador.ec/?page_id=166)". Petroecuador.

<!-- .ref id=ref-40 -->
40\. "[GaWC – The World According to GaWC](http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/gawcworlds.html)". *www.lboro.ac.uk*.

<!-- .ref id=ref-41 -->
41\. "[Diccionario. Cabildo (Parroquias)](http://www4.quito.gob.ec/spirales/8_diccionario_de_la_base_de_datos/8_1_fondo_cartografico/8_1_1_1.html)". quito.gob.ec.

<!-- .ref id=ref-42 -->
42\. "[Parroquias de Quito](http://www.arquidiocesisdequito.org/Parroquias/parroquia.html)". Arquidiocesisdequito.org.

<!-- .ref id=ref-43 -->
43\. "[Sistema Convencional de Transporte](http://www.innovar-uio.com/innovar/images/stories/docs/basesmetro.pdf)". Metrobús Quito.

<!-- .ref id=ref-44 -->
44\. "[BiciQ Bicicleta Pública](http://www.biciq.gob.ec/web/)". BiciQ.

<!-- .ref id=ref-45 -->
45\. "[Bici Q: 1.078 carnetizados](http://www.lahora.com.ec/index.php/noticias/show/1101385976#.UjNUTsaccrl)". *La Hora – Nacional*. La Hora. 31 August 2012.

<!-- .ref id=ref-46 -->
46\. "[La bici pública rodará desde el martes](http://www.elcomercio.com/quito/bici-publica-rodara-martes_0_743925688.html)". *El Comercio.com*. Grupo El Comercio. 27 July 2012.

<!-- .ref id=ref-47 -->
47\. "[SBP Quito](https://www.sbpquito.com/)".

<!-- .ref id=ref-48 -->
48\. "[Cars are besieging Quito](http://www.elcomercio.com/solo_texto.asp?id_noticia=80544)". *El Comercio*.

<!-- .ref id=ref-49 -->
49\. "[TRAQ – Tren Rápido de Quito](http://www.innovar-uio.com/traq/resumentraq.pdf)".

<!-- .ref id=ref-50 -->
50\. Carvajal, Ana (24 May 2019). "[El Metro entrará a operar entre marzo y abril del 2020](https://www.elcomercio.com/actualidad/metro-operacion-cronograma-yunda-yanez.html)". *[El Comercio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Comercio_%28Ecuador%29)*.

<!-- .ref id=ref-51 -->
51\. Osava, Mario (30 November 2016). "[Subway Will Modernise – and Further Gentrify – Historic Centre of Quito](http://www.ipsnews.net/2016/11/subway-will-modernise-and-further-gentrify-historical-centre-of-quito/)". [Inter Press Service](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inter_Press_Service).

<!-- .ref id=ref-52 -->
52\. "[World bank backs Metro Quito construction](http://www.globalrailnews.com/2013/08/04/world-bank-backs-metro-quito-construction/)". *GlobalRailNews*. 4 August 2013.

<!-- .ref id=ref-53 -->
53\. Salazar, Paul (5 December 2016). "[The Economic Recovery of Quito Takes the Subway](http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2016/12/05/ecuador-la-reactivacion-economica-de-quito-viaja-en-metro)". *Working for a World Free of Poverty*. [World Bank](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Bank).

<!-- .ref id=ref-54 -->
54\. "[Operación del Metro de Quito ahora se prevé para junio del 2022](https://www.elcomercio.com/actualidad/quito/operacion-metro-quito-junio-rodrigo-torres.html)". *[El Comercio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Comercio_%28Ecuador%29)*. 30 June 2021.

<!-- .ref id=ref-55 -->
55\. Artymiuk, Simon (5 May 2023). "[Revenue services begin on Quito Metro Line 1](https://www.railjournal.com/passenger/metros/revenue-services-begin-on-quito-metro-line-1/)". *IRJ*.

<!-- .ref id=ref-56 -->
56\. The Great Guide Quito

<!-- .ref id=ref-57 -->
57\. "[Fiestas de Quito 2022: Fechas y horario del Gran desfile de La Mariscal](https://www.eluniverso.com/noticias/ecuador/fiestas-de-quito-2022-fechas-y-horario-del-gran-desfile-de-la-mariscal-nota/)". *El Universo*. 2 December 2022.

<!-- .ref id=ref-58 -->
58\. "[Parque Metropolitano Guanguiltagua](http://www.parquemetropolitano.ec/home/contenidos.php?id=222&identificaArticulo=9)".

<!-- .ref id=ref-59 -->
59\. "[Sitio Oficial Turístico de Quito – Parque La Carolina](http://www.quito.com.ec/index.php?page=shop.product_details&flypage=shop.cmtproductos&product_id=121&category_id=27&manufacturer_id=&option=com_virtuemart&Itemid=90)". Quito.com.ec.

<!-- .ref id=ref-60 -->
60\. "[Pope John Paul II, landing in Ecuador during a...](https://www.upi.com/Archives/1985/01/29/Pope-John-Paul-II-landing-in-Ecuador-during-a/2929475822800/)". *UPI*.

<!-- .ref id=ref-61 -->
61\. "[Sitio Oficial Turístico de Quito – Parque El Ejido](http://www.quito.com.ec/index.php?page=shop.product_details&flypage=&product_id=123&category_id=85&manufacturer_id=&option=com_virtuemart&Itemid=66)". Quito.com.ec.

<!-- .ref id=ref-62 -->
62\. "[Guayasamin.com](http://www.guayasamin.com)".

<!-- .ref id=ref-63 -->
63\. "[Quito](http://www.lonelyplanet.com/worldguide/ecuador-and-the-galapagos-islands/quito/history)". *Lonely Planet*.

<!-- .ref id=ref-64 -->
64\. "[Guápulo, Guápulo Local Guide: Top rated Activities, Trips and Travel Tips for Guápulo](http://www.vivatravelguides.com/south-america/ecuador/quito/guapulo/)". *vivatravelguides.com*.

<!-- .ref id=ref-65 -->
65\. "[Arts and Crafts in Guapulo](http://www.volunteeringecuador.info/pichincha/guapulo-by-day-arts-and-crafts-to-win-your-heart.html)".

<!-- .ref id=ref-66 -->
66\. "[Welcome to Mitad del Mundo](http://www.mitaddelmundo.com/indexeng.html)". *GoEcuador.com*.

<!-- .ref id=ref-67 -->
67\. "[Intiñan Solar Museum](http://www.atlasobscura.com/places/intinan-solar-museum)". *Home of the "true" equator*. [Atlas Obscura](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlas_Obscura).

<!-- .ref id=ref-68 -->
68\. Archived at [Ghostarchive](https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/4IIVfoDuVIw) and the [Wayback Machine](https://web.archive.org/web/20150215111241/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4IIVfoDuVIw): TheLazyInvestor (27 October 2012). "[Ecuador At The Equator – Water Demonstration – Coriolis Effect](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4IIVfoDuVIw)". [YouTube](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube).

<!-- .ref id=ref-69 -->
69\. "[Bad Coriolis](http://www.ems.psu.edu/~fraser/Bad/BadCoriolis.html)".

<!-- .ref id=ref-70 -->
70\. "[Flush Bosh](http://www.snopes.com/science/coriolis.asp)". 28 April 2003.

<!-- .ref id=ref-71 -->
71\. "[Does the rotation of the Earth affect toilets and baseball games?](http://science.howstuffworks.com/science-vs-myth/everyday-myths/rotation-earth-toilet-baseball2.htm)". 20 July 2009.

<!-- .ref id=ref-72 -->
72\. "[Can somebody finally settle this question: Does water flowing down a drain spin in different directions depending on which hemisphere you're in? And if so, why?](https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/can-somebody-finally-sett/)". *Scientific American*.

<!-- .ref id=ref-73 -->
73\. "[Can You Detect The Coriolis Effect in your Sink?](http://www.thenakedscientists.com/HTML/interviews/interview/470/)". 18 December 2005.

<!-- .ref id=ref-74 -->
74\. "[Quito Zoo](http://www.quitozoo.org)". Quito Zoo.

<!-- .ref id=ref-75 -->
75\. "[Maquipucuna Florula](http://maqui.ucdavis.edu/)". *ucdavis.edu*.

<!-- .ref id=ref-76 -->
76\. "[BirdLife Data Zone](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sitefactsheet.php?id=14534)". *birdlife.org*.

<!-- .ref id=ref-77 -->
77\. "[Conservation Corridor Resolution](http://www7.quito.gob.ec/mdmq_ordenanzas/Resoluciones%20de%20Concejo/A%C3%B1o%20%202013/RC-2013-431%20-%20CORREDOR%20ECOL%C3%93GICO%20DEL%20OSO%20ANDINO.pdf)".

<!-- .ref id=ref-78 -->
78\. "[Ecuador's Cultural Events & Festivals – Your Escape to Ecuador](http://yourescapetoecuador.com/travel/cultural-tourism/cultural-events-festivals/)". *yourescapetoecuador.com*.

<!-- .ref id=ref-79 -->
79\. "[Consejo Nacional de Educación Superior del Ecuador](http://www.conesup.net/lista_universidades.php)". Conesup.net.

<!-- .ref id=ref-80 -->
80\. "[Libraries and museums – Ecuador](http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Americas/Ecuador-LIBRARIES-AND-MUSEUMS.html)". *nationsencyclopedia.com*.

<!-- .ref id=ref-81 -->
81\. "[Banco Central del Ecuador](http://www.bce.fin.ec/contenido.php?CNT=ARB0000514)". Bce.fin.ec.

<!-- .ref id=ref-82 -->
82\. "[Museo de la Ciudad:: Quito Ecuador](http://www.museociudadquito.gov.ec/)". Museociudadquito.gov.ec.

<!-- .ref id=ref-83 -->
83\. "[Ecuador Terra Incognita – La Flora Huayaquilensis](http://www.terraecuador.net/revista_24/24_flora_huayaquilensis.htm)". Terraecuador.net. 14 February 2004.

<!-- .ref id=ref-84 -->
84\. "[Quito Official Travel Information Site – Ecuador – Sucre House-Museum](http://www.quito.com.ec/index.php?page=shop.product_details&flypage=&product_id=39&category_id=64&manufacturer_id=&option=com_virtuemart&Itemid=66&vmcchk=1&Itemid=66&lang=en)". Quito.com.ec.

<!-- .ref id=ref-85 -->
85\. "[Liga de Quito: El campeón ecuatoriano quiere defender su título](https://www.primicias.ec/noticias/jugada/liga-quito-ligapro-datos-futbol-ecuador2024/)". *Primicias*. 2024-03-01.

<!-- .ref id=ref-86 -->
86\. "[Independiente del Valle: Candidato a todo y con sed de revancha](https://www.primicias.ec/noticias/jugada/independiente-valle-ligapro-datos-futbol-ecuador2024/)". *Primicias*. 2024-03-01.

<!-- .ref id=ref-87 -->
87\. "[El Nacional gana la Copa Ecuador 2024 y suma 17 títulos profesionales en su historia](https://www.primicias.ec/deportes/titulos-nacional-historia-futbol-copa-ecuador-84230/)". *Primicias*. 2024-11-27.

<!-- .ref id=ref-88 -->
88\. "[¡Histórico! Ecuador clasifica a la Copa del Mundo de Catar 2022](https://www.primicias.ec/noticias/jugada/ecuador-clasifica-mundial-catar2022/)". *Primicias*. 2022-03-24.

<!-- .ref id=ref-89 -->
89\. Thyberg, David. "[Is It Safe for Americans to Travel to Quito Ecuador?](http://traveltips.usatoday.com/safe-americans-travel-quito-ecuador-1539.html)". *[USA Today](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA_Today)*.

<!-- .ref id=ref-90 -->
90\. "[Ecuador 2015 Crime and Safety Report](https://www.osac.gov/pages/ContentReportDetails.aspx?cid=17759)". *OSAC*. 4 June 2015.

<!-- .ref id=ref-91 -->
91\. Basantes, Ana Cristina (2025-05-27). "[Drug violence reaches Quito: 'Gangs want to take over our area'](https://english.elpais.com/international/2025-05-27/drug-violence-reaches-quito-gangs-want-to-take-over-our-area.html)". *EL PAÍS English*.

<!-- .ref id=ref-92 -->
92\. Lewis, Michael R. (11 February 2021). "[In Memoriam: Former USMNT Midfielder Chico Borja](https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2021/02/in-memoriam-former-usmnt-midfielder-chico-borja)". *[United States Soccer Federation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Soccer_Federation)*.

<!-- .ref id=ref-93 -->
93\. "[MISL–](https://www.nasljerseys.com/MISL/Players/B/Borja.Ramario.htm)". *(NASL) jerseys*.

<!-- .ref id=ref-94 -->
94\. "[Cabildos de Quito y Bogotá aumentan la cooperación](https://www.eltelegrafo.com.ec/noticias/informacion-general/1/cabildos-de-quito-y-bogota-aumentan-la-cooperacion)". *eltelegrafo.com.ec*. El Telégrafo. 15 February 2012.

<!-- .ref id=ref-95 -->
95\. "[Quito y Cádiz firman Hermanamiento y estrechan lazos de cooperación](http://www.quitoinforma.gob.ec/2018/11/08/quito-y-cadiz-firman-convenio-de-hermanamiento/)". *quitoinforma.gob.ec*. Quito Informa. 8 November 2018.

<!-- .ref id=ref-96 -->
96\. "[Quito y Doha firman acuerdo de hermanamiento](http://www.quitoinforma.gob.ec/2018/10/03/municipios-de-quito-y-doha-firman-acuerdo-de-hermanamiento/)". *quitoinforma.gob.ec*. Quito Informa. 3 October 2018.

<!-- .ref id=ref-97 -->
97\. "[Sister Cities](http://www.eguangzhou.gov.cn/2018-06/05/c_253291.htm)". *eguangzhou.gov.cn*. Guangzhou.

<!-- .ref id=ref-98 -->
98\. "[Cooperação Internacional](https://www.guarulhos.sp.gov.br/index.php/cooperacao-internacional)". *guarulhos.sp.gov.br*. Guarulhos.

<!-- .ref id=ref-99 -->
99\. "[Współpraca międzynarodowa z miastami zagranicznymi](https://www.bip.krakow.pl/?sub_dok_id=887)". *bip.krakow.pl*. Biuletyn informacji publicznej miasta Krakowa.

<!-- .ref id=ref-100 -->
100\. "[Información de Gobierno](https://proyectoallas.net/members/lima/)". *proyectoallas.net*. AL-LAs. 2 January 2014.

<!-- .ref id=ref-101 -->
101\. "[Home](https://www.sclou.org/)". *sclou.org*. Sister Cities of Louisville.

<!-- .ref id=ref-102 -->
102\. "[Agreements with cities](https://www.madrid.es/vgn-ext-templating/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=76957c275129a310VgnVCM2000000c205a0aRCRD&vgnextchannel=ce069e242ab26010VgnVCM100000dc0ca8c0RCRD&vgnextfmt=default&idCapitulo=7182437)". *madrid.es*. Madrid.

<!-- .ref id=ref-103 -->
103\. "[Condecoración al embajador del Ecuador Antonio Preciado Bedoya](http://www.bolsadenoticias.com.ni/2013/Julio/31/ecuador.html)". *bolsadenoticias.com.ni*. Bolsa de Noticias. 31 July 2013.

<!-- .ref id=ref-104 -->
104\. "[Medellín is Puerto Morelos' first twin city](https://www.acimedellin.org/medellin-is-puerto-morelos-first-twinn-city/?lang=en)". *acimedellin.org*. ACI Medellín. 6 August 2019.

<!-- .ref id=ref-105 -->
105\. "[Acuerdos interinstitucionales registrados por dependencias y municipios de Ciudad de México](https://coordinacionpolitica.sre.gob.mx/index.php/entidades/76-distrito-federal)". *sre.gob.mx*. Secretaría de relaciones exteriores.

<!-- .ref id=ref-106 -->
106\. "[Hermanamientos](https://www.lapaz.bo/hermanamientos-amc/)". *lapaz.bo*. La Paz.

<!-- .ref id=ref-107 -->
107\. "[International Sister Cities](https://www.tcc.gov.tw/en/cp.aspx?n=13702)". *tcc.gov.tw*. Taipei City Council.

<!-- .ref id=ref-108 -->
108\. "[Asunción y Quito restablecerán hermanamiento conjunto](https://www.asuncion.gov.py/intendencia/asuncion-y-quito-restableceran-hermanamiento-conjunto)". *asuncion.gov.py*. Asunción. 17 March 2016.

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