---
title: Over time, the marches were replaced by sporadic use of live ammunit… — Ramallah · tree and pragmatics
description: Over time, the marches were replaced by sporadic use of live ammunition against Israeli soldiers; and various attacks targeting Jewish settlers, particularly on the Israeli-only bypass roads. Who acts: sporadic use, various attacks. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Ramallah» with its dependency tree and p
---

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# Ramallah, sentence 112

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From Wikipedia, [«Ramallah»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramallah), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Over time, the marches were replaced by sporadic use of live ammunition against Israeli soldiers; and various attacks targeting Jewish settlers, particularly on the Israeli-only bypass roads.

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**Who acts:** sporadic use, various attacks · **What happens:** replace, target, bypass, use · **To what, where:** marches, Jewish settlers, roads, live ammunition

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Ramallah». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sporadic use, various attacks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Ramallah:112
# text = Over time, the marches were replaced by sporadic use of live ammunition against Israeli soldiers; and various attacks targeting Jewish settlers, particularly on the Israeli-only bypass roads.
1	Over	over	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	marches	march	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	replaced	replace	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	sporadic	sporadic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	use	use	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	live	live	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	ammunition	ammunition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
14	against	against	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	Israeli	Israeli	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	soldiers	soldier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	various	various	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	attacks	attack	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
21	targeting	target	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	20	acl	_	_
22	Jewish	Jewish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	settlers	settler	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
25	particularly	particularly	ADV	RB	_	31	advmod	_	_
26	on	on	SCONJ	IN	_	31	mark	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
28	Israeli	Israeli	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	28	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	only	only	ADV	RB	_	31	advmod	_	_
31	bypass	bypass	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	advcl	_	_
32	roads	road	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **replace** | past · passive | sporadic use of live ammunition against Israeli soldiers | the marches |  |  | time | various attacks *obl* | vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme subject=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **target** | gerund | various attacks *not said here* | Jewish settlers |  |  |  |  | vn confront-98 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent settler=Theme |
| 3 | **bypass** | present | various attacks *not said here* | roads |  |  |  | particularly *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **use** |  |  | live ammunition against Israeli soldiers |  |  |  |  | nom use «act transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Ramallah», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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