---
title: Economic progress was "badly hurt" by slumping oil prices and the re… — Republic of the Congo · tree and pragmatics
description: Economic progress was "badly hurt" by slumping oil prices and the resumption of armed conflict in December 1998, which "worsened" the republic's budget deficit. Who acts: resumption. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Republic of the Congo» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Republic of the Congo, sentence 148

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From Wikipedia, [«Republic of the Congo»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Economic progress was "badly hurt" by slumping oil prices and the resumption of armed conflict in December 1998, which "worsened" the republic's budget deficit.

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**Who acts:** resumption · **What happens:** hurt, slump, worsen, resume · **To what, where:** Economic progress, oil prices, budget deficit, armed conflict

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Republic of the Congo». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (resumption), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Republic_of_the_Congo:148
# text = Economic progress was "badly hurt" by slumping oil prices and the resumption of armed conflict in December 1998, which "worsened" the republic's budget deficit.
1	Economic	economic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	progress	progress	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
4	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	badly	badly	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	6	advmod	_	_
6	hurt	hurt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
8	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	slumping	slump	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
10	oil	oil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	prices	price	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	resumption	resumption	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	armed	armed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	conflict	conflict	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	December	December	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
20	1998	1998	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	19	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
22	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	24	nsubj	_	_
23	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	worsened	worsen	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	24	punct	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	republic	republic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	's	's	PART	POS	_	27	case	_	_
29	budget	budget	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	compound	_	_
30	deficit	deficit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hurt** *in a quote* | past · passive |  | Economic progress |  |  |  | badly *property* | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **slump** | gerund |  | oil prices and the resumption of armed conflict in December  1998 |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location price=Theme |
| 3 | **worsen** *in a quote* | past | the resumption of armed conflict in December  1998 | the republic's budget deficit |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent deficit=Patient |
| 4 | **resume** |  |  | armed conflict in December  1998 |  |  |  |  | nom resumption «act transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Republic of the Congo», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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