---
title: After centuries as a central hub for transatlantic trade, direct Eur… — Republic of the Congo · tree and pragmatics
description: After centuries as a central hub for transatlantic trade, direct European colonization of the Congo River delta began in the 19th century, subsequently eroding the power of the Bantu societies in the region. Who acts: centuries. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Republic of the Congo» with its dependency t
---

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# Republic of the Congo, sentence 32

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From Wikipedia, [«Republic of the Congo»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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After centuries as a central hub for transatlantic trade, direct European colonization of the Congo River delta began in the 19th century, subsequently eroding the power of the Bantu societies in the region.

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**Who acts:** centuries · **What happens:** begin, erode, colonize · **To what, where:** power, region, River delta

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Republic of the Congo». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (centuries), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Republic_of_the_Congo:32
# text = After centuries as a central hub for transatlantic trade, direct European colonization of the Congo River delta began in the 19th century, subsequently eroding the power of the Bantu societies in the region.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	centuries	century	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nsubj	_	_
3	as	as	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	central	central	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	hub	hub	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	transatlantic	transatlantic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	trade	trade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	direct	direct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
12	European	European	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	colonization	colonization	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
16	Congo	Congo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	River	River	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	delta	Delta	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
19	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	19th	19th	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Ord	23	amod	_	_
23	century	century	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
25	subsequently	subsequently	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
26	eroding	erode	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	19	advcl	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	power	power	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
31	Bantu	Bantu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	compound	_	_
32	societies	society	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	nmod	_	_
33	in	in	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	region	region	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	19	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | past | centuries as a central hub for transatlantic trade and direct European colonization of the River delta |  |  |  | century |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **erode** | gerund | centuries as a central hub for transatlantic trade and direct European colonization of the River delta *not said here* | the power of the Bantu societies |  | the region |  | subsequently *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **colonize** |  |  | the River delta |  |  |  |  | nom colonization «act transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Republic of the Congo», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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