---
title: He won the election believed by some to be fraudulent. — Republic of the Congo · tree and pragmatics
description: He won the election believed by some to be fraudulent. Who acts: Sassou. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Republic of the Congo» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Republic of the Congo, sentence 91

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From Wikipedia, [«Republic of the Congo»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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He won the election believed by some to be fraudulent.

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**Who acts:** Sassou · **What happens:** win, believe, be · **To what, where:** election

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Republic of the Congo». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sassou), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Republic_of_the_Congo:91
# text = He won the election believed by some to be fraudulent.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	won	win	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	election	election	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	believed	believe	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	5	obl	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
9	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	cop	_	_
10	fraudulent	fraudulent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **win** | past | Sassou | the election |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent election=Eventuality |
| 2 | **believe** | participle |  | the election *not said here* |  |  |  | by some | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **is** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | fraudulent *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Republic of the Congo», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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