--- title: Summers are cold, with temperatures fluctuating between 10 and 15 C,… — Reykjavík · tree and pragmatics description: Summers are cold, with temperatures fluctuating between 10 and 15 C, rarely exceeding 20 C. This is a result of exposure to the maritime winds in its exposed west coast location that causes it to be much cooler in summer than similar latitudes in mainland Scandinavia. Who acts: Summers, temperatures --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Reykjavík/82/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/) / [en](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/) / [Reykjavík](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Reykjavík/) / 82 # Reykjavík, sentence 82 From Wikipedia, [«Reykjavík»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reykjavík), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too. Summers are cold, with temperatures fluctuating between 10 and 15 C, rarely exceeding 20 C. This is a result of exposure to the maritime winds in its exposed west coast location that causes it to be much cooler in summer than similar latitudes in mainland Scandinavia. **Who acts:** Summers, temperatures, This, exposed west coast location · **What happens:** be, fluctuate, exceed, expose, cause · **To what, where:** 20 C., result, location This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Reykjavík». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Summers, temperatures, This, exposed west coast location), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = wikipedia:Reykjavík:82 # text = Summers are cold, with temperatures fluctuating between 10 and 15 C, rarely exceeding 20 C. This is a result of exposure to the maritime winds in its exposed west coast location that causes it to be much cooler in summer than similar latitudes in mainland Scandinavia. 1 Summers summer NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 2 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 cop _ _ 3 cold cold ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No 4 , , PUNCT , _ 6 punct _ _ 5 with with ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 temperatures temperature NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 parataxis _ _ 7 fluctuating fluctuate VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 6 acl _ _ 8 between between ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 9 10 10 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 7 obl _ _ 10 and and CCONJ CC _ 11 cc _ _ 11 15 15 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 9 conj _ _ 12 C C PROPN NNP Number=Sing 9 nmod:unmarked _ SpaceAfter=No 13 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 14 rarely rarely ADV RB _ 15 advmod _ _ 15 exceeding exceed VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 7 conj _ _ 16 20 20 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 17 nummod _ _ 17 C. C. PROPN NNP Number=Sing 15 obj _ _ 18 This this PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 21 nsubj _ _ 19 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 21 cop _ _ 20 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 21 result result NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 ccomp _ _ 22 of of ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 23 exposure exposure NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 nmod _ _ 24 to to ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 25 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 26 maritime maritime ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 27 amod _ _ 27 winds wind NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 obl _ _ 28 in in ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 29 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 33 nmod:poss _ _ 30 exposed expose VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 33 amod _ _ 31 west west ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 33 amod _ _ 32 coast coast NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 compound _ _ 33 location location NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 nmod _ _ 34 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 35 nsubj _ _ 35 causes cause VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 33 acl:relcl _ _ 36 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 35 obj _ _ 37 to to PART TO _ 40 mark _ _ 38 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 40 cop _ _ 39 much much ADV RB _ 40 advmod _ _ 40 cooler cool ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 35 advcl _ _ 41 in in ADP IN _ 42 case _ _ 42 summer summer NOUN NN Number=Sing 40 obl _ _ 43 than than ADP IN _ 45 case _ _ 44 similar similar ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 45 amod _ _ 45 latitudes latitude NOUN NNS Number=Plur 40 obl _ _ 46 in in ADP IN _ 48 case _ _ 47 mainland mainland NOUN NN Number=Sing 48 compound _ _ 48 Scandinavia Scandinavia PROPN NNP Number=Sing 45 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 49 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | present | Summers | | | | | temperatures *parataxis*; cold *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **fluctuate** | gerund | temperatures *not said here* | | | | | between 10 C | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | | 3 | **exceed** | gerund | temperatures *not said here* | 20 C. | | | | to the maritime winds in wind's exposed west coast location; rarely *property* | vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot c.=Theme | | 4 | **is a** | present | This | a result | | | | of exposure | tree rules | | 5 | **expose** | participle | | | | | | | vn indicate-78 «NP V how S»: agent=Pivot | | 6 | **cause** | present | wind's exposed west coast location | location | | | | | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition it=Patient | | 7 | **is** | to-infinitive | wind's exposed west coast location *not said here* | | | | summer | than similar latitudes in mainland Scandinavia; cool *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Reykjavík», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0. - ← previous: [sentence 81](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Reykjavík/81/) - next →: [sentence 83](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Reykjavík/83/) - ↑ back to [Reykjavík](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Reykjavík/)