---
title: In 2004, the arrival of low-cost airlines resulted in cheaper flight… — Riga · tree and pragmatics
description: In 2004, the arrival of low-cost airlines resulted in cheaper flights from other European cities such as London and Berlin, and consequently a substantial increase in numbers of tourists. Who acts: cost airlines. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Riga» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Riga, sentence 122

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From Wikipedia, [«Riga»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riga), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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In 2004, the arrival of low-cost airlines resulted in cheaper flights from other European cities such as London and Berlin, and consequently a substantial increase in numbers of tourists.

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**Who acts:** cost airlines · **What happens:** result, arrive · **To what, where:** cost airlines, cheaper flights, 2004

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Riga». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cost airlines), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Riga:122
# text = In 2004, the arrival of low-cost airlines resulted in cheaper flights from other European cities such as London and Berlin, and consequently a substantial increase in numbers of tourists.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	2004	2004	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	arrival	arrival	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	low	low	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	cost	cost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	airlines	airline	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
11	resulted	result	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	cheaper	cheap	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	14	amod	_	_
14	flights	flight	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
15	from	from	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
17	European	European	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nmod	_	_
19	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	21	case	_	_
20	as	as	ADP	IN	_	19	fixed	_	_
21	London	London	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	Berlin	Berlin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
26	consequently	consequently	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	_
27	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
28	substantial	substantial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	increase	increase	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
30	in	in	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	numbers	number	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	nmod	_	_
32	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	tourists	tourist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **result** | participle |  | cost airlines *not said here* |  | cheaper flights from other European cities such London and Berlin |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in flight=Location |
| 3 | **arrive** |  | cost airlines |  |  |  |  |  | nom arrival «act intransitive»: of=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Riga», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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