---
title: However, these population gains have been reversed since 2020, as ex… — Russia · tree and pragmatics
description: However, these population gains have been reversed since 2020, as excessive deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in the largest peacetime decline in its history. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Russia» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Russia, sentence 467

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From Wikipedia, [«Russia»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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However, these population gains have been reversed since 2020, as excessive deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in the largest peacetime decline in its history.

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**What happens:** reverse, result · **To what, where:** population gains, COVID pandemic, largest peacetime decline

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Russia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Russia:467
# text = However, these population gains have been reversed since 2020, as excessive deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in the largest peacetime decline in its history.
1	However	however	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	5	det	_	_
4	population	population	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	gains	gain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
7	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	reversed	reverse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	since	since	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	2020	2020	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	as	as	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	excessive	excessive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	deaths	death	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
15	from	from	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
17	COVID	COVID	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	19	19	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	17	flat	_	_
20	pandemic	pandemic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
21	resulted	result	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	acl	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
24	largest	large	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	26	amod	_	_
25	peacetime	peacetime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	compound	_	_
26	decline	decline	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
27	in	in	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	29	nmod:poss	_	_
29	history	history	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reverse** | present · perfect · passive |  | this population gains |  |  | since 2020 | as excessive deaths from the COVID pandemic; however *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **result** | participle |  | the COVID pandemic *not said here* |  | the largest peacetime decline in population's history |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in decline=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Russia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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