---
title: Russia has a near-universal adult literacy rate, and education is co… — Russia · tree and pragmatics
description: Russia has a near-universal adult literacy rate, and education is compulsory for the 11 years from age 7 to 17–18. Who acts: Russia, education. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Russia» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Russia, sentence 491

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From Wikipedia, [«Russia»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Russia has a near-universal adult literacy rate, and education is compulsory for the 11 years from age 7 to 17–18.

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**Who acts:** Russia, education · **What happens:** have, be · **To what, where:** near universal adult literacy rate

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Russia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Russia, education), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Russia:491
# text = Russia has a near-universal adult literacy rate, and education is compulsory for the 11 years from age 7 to 17–18.
1	Russia	Russia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
4	near	near	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	universal	universal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
7	adult	adult	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	literacy	literacy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	rate	rate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	education	education	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
14	compulsory	compulsory	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
15	for	for	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	11	11	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	18	nummod	_	_
18	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	_
19	from	from	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	age	age	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
21	7	7	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	18	nmod	_	_
22	to	to	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	17	17	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	–	–	SYM	SYM	ExtPos=ADP	25	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	18	18	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	23	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Russia | a near universal adult literacy rate |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rate=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present | education |  |  |  | year | compulsory *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Russia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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