---
title: The Khazars, who were of Turkic origin, ruled the steppes between th… — Russia · tree and pragmatics
description: The Khazars, who were of Turkic origin, ruled the steppes between the Caucasus in the south, to the east past the Volga river basin, and west as far as Kiev on the Dnieper river until the 10th century. Who acts: Khazars. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Russia» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Russia, sentence 62

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From Wikipedia, [«Russia»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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The Khazars, who were of Turkic origin, ruled the steppes between the Caucasus in the south, to the east past the Volga river basin, and west as far as Kiev on the Dnieper river until the 10th century.

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**Who acts:** Khazars · **What happens:** be, rule · **To what, where:** steppes, south

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Russia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Khazars), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Russia:62
# text = The Khazars, who were of Turkic origin, ruled the steppes between the Caucasus in the south, to the east past the Volga river basin, and west as far as Kiev on the Dnieper river until the 10th century.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Khazars	Khazar	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
4	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
5	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	Turkic	turkic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	origin	origin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
10	ruled	rule	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	steppes	steppe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
13	between	between	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	Caucasus	Caucasus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	south	south	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
20	to	to	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	east	east	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
23	past	past	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
25	Volga	Volga	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	compound	_	_
26	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	compound	_	_
27	basin	basin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
30	west	west	ADV	RB	_	32	advmod	_	_
31	as	as	ADV	RB	_	32	advmod	_	_
32	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	10	advmod	_	_
33	as	as	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	Kiev	Kiev	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	_
35	on	on	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
37	Dnieper	Dnieper	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	38	compound	_	_
38	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
39	until	until	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
40	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	42	det	_	_
41	10th	10th	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Ord	42	amod	_	_
42	century	century	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the Khazars |  |  |  |  | of Turkic origin | tree rules |
| 2 | **rule** | past | the Khazars | the steppes |  | the south | century | between the Caucasus; to the east past the Volga river basin; on the Dnieper river; far *property* | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent steppe=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Russia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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