---
title: In the 15th century, one kingdom, under King Gihanga, managed to inc… — Rwanda · tree and pragmatics
description: In the 15th century, one kingdom, under King Gihanga, managed to incorporate several of its close neighbour territories establishing the Kingdom of Rwanda. Who acts: close neighbour territories. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Rwanda» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Rwanda, sentence 11

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From Wikipedia, [«Rwanda»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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In the 15th century, one kingdom, under King Gihanga, managed to incorporate several of its close neighbour territories establishing the Kingdom of Rwanda.

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**Who acts:** close neighbour territories · **What happens:** manage, incorporate, establish · **To what, where:** several, Kingdom

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Rwanda». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (close neighbour territories), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Rwanda:11
# text = In the 15th century, one kingdom, under King Gihanga, managed to incorporate several of its close neighbour territories establishing the Kingdom of Rwanda.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	15th	15th	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	century	century	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	kingdom	kingdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	under	under	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	Gihanga	Gihanga	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
13	managed	manage	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	incorporate	incorporate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	xcomp	_	_
16	several	several	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	obj	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
18	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
19	close	close	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
20	neighbour	neighbour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	_
21	territories	territory	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	_
22	establishing	establish	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	21	acl	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	Kingdom	Kingdom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	Rwanda	Rwanda	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **manage** | past |  |  |  |  | century |  | vn succeed-74-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **incorporate** | to-infinitive |  | several of population's close neighbour territories |  |  |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent several=Patient |
| 3 | **establish** | gerund | population's close neighbour territories *not said here* | the Kingdom of Rwanda |  |  |  |  | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kingdom=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Rwanda», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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