---
title: Prior to 2012, the Rwandan government provided nine years of free ba… — Rwanda · tree and pragmatics
description: Prior to 2012, the Rwandan government provided nine years of free basic education in state-run schools, consisting of six years of primary and three years of lower secondary education (known as the Tronc Commun). Who acts: Rwandan government. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Rwanda» with its dependency tr
---

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# Rwanda, sentence 354

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From Wikipedia, [«Rwanda»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Prior to 2012, the Rwandan government provided nine years of free basic education in state-run schools, consisting of six years of primary and three years of lower secondary education (known as the Tronc Commun).

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**Who acts:** Rwandan government · **What happens:** provide, consist, know · **To what, where:** lower secondary education

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Rwanda». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Rwandan government), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Rwanda:354
# text = Prior to 2012, the Rwandan government provided nine years of free basic education in state-run schools, consisting of six years of primary and three years of lower secondary education (known as the Tronc Commun).
1	Prior	prior	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	3	case	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	1	fixed	_	_
3	2012	2012	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	Rwandan	Rwandan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	government	government	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	provided	provide	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	nine	nine	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	free	free	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
13	basic	basic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	education	education	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
16	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	run	run	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	schools	school	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	consisting	consist	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	six	six	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	24	nummod	_	_
24	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obl	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	primary	primary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	nmod	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
28	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	29	nummod	_	_
29	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	conj	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
31	lower	low	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	33	amod	_	_
32	secondary	secondary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	amod	_	_
33	education	education	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nmod	_	_
34	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	35	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	33	acl	_	_
36	as	as	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
37	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
38	Tronc	Tronc	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	39	compound	_	_
39	Commun	Commun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	35	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	35	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **provide** | past | the Rwandan government |  |  |  | year | prior 2012 | vn ensure-99 «NP V that S»: agent=Precondition |
| 2 | **consist** | gerund | the Rwandan government *not said here* |  |  |  | year |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **know** | participle |  | lower secondary education *not said here* |  |  |  | as the Tronc Commun | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer as commun=Attribute |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Rwanda», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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