---
title: Historians have several theories regarding the nature of the Bantu m… — Rwanda · tree and pragmatics
description: Historians have several theories regarding the nature of the Bantu migrations; one theory is that the first settlers were Hutu, while the Tutsi migrated later to form a distinct racial group, possibly of Nilo-hamitic origin. Who acts: Historians, several theories, one theory, Tutsi. A sentence of Wi
---

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# Rwanda, sentence 41

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From Wikipedia, [«Rwanda»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Historians have several theories regarding the nature of the Bantu migrations; one theory is that the first settlers were Hutu, while the Tutsi migrated later to form a distinct racial group, possibly of Nilo-hamitic origin.

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**Who acts:** Historians, several theories, one theory, Tutsi · **What happens:** have, regard, be, migrate, form · **To what, where:** several theories, nature, Hutu, distinct racial group

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Rwanda». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Historians, several theories, one theory, Tutsi), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Rwanda:41
# text = Historians have several theories regarding the nature of the Bantu migrations; one theory is that the first settlers were Hutu, while the Tutsi migrated later to form a distinct racial group, possibly of Nilo-hamitic origin.
1	Historians	historian	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	several	several	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	theories	theory	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	regarding	regard	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	nature	nature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	Bantu	Bantu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	migrations	migration	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
13	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	14	nummod	_	_
14	theory	theory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
16	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	19	amod	_	_
19	settlers	settler	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nsubj	_	_
20	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
21	Hutu	Hutu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
23	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	Tutsi	Tutsi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	nsubj	_	_
26	migrated	migrate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
27	later	late	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	26	advmod	_	_
28	to	to	PART	TO	_	29	mark	_	_
29	form	form	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	advcl	_	_
30	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
31	distinct	distinct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	amod	_	_
32	racial	racial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	amod	_	_
33	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	40	punct	_	_
35	possibly	possibly	ADV	RB	_	40	advmod	_	_
36	of	of	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
37	Nilo	Nilo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	40	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	37	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	hamitic	hamitic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	compound	_	_
40	origin	origin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Historians | several theories |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent theory=Patient |
| 2 | **regard** | gerund | several theories *not said here* | the nature of the Bantu migrations |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nature=Theme |
| 3 | **is a** | present | one theory | Hutu |  |  |  | the first settlers *nsubj* | tree rules |
| 4 | **migrate** | past | the Tutsi |  |  |  |  | late *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **form** | to-infinitive | the Tutsi *not said here* | a distinct racial group |  |  |  | of Nilo hamitic origin | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location group=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Rwanda», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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