---
title: "Rwanda gives DR Congo back tonnes of smuggled minerals". — Rwanda · tree and pragmatics
description: "Rwanda gives DR Congo back tonnes of smuggled minerals". Who acts: Rwanda. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Rwanda» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Rwanda, sentence 529

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From Wikipedia, [«Rwanda»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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"Rwanda gives DR Congo back tonnes of smuggled minerals".

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**Who acts:** Rwanda · **What happens:** give back, smuggle · **To what, where:** tonnes, Congo

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Rwanda». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Rwanda), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Rwanda:529
# text = "Rwanda gives DR Congo back tonnes of smuggled minerals".
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Rwanda	Rwanda	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	DR	DR	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod:desc	_	_
5	Congo	Congo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	back	back	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
7	tonnes	tonne	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	smuggled	smuggle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	amod	_	_
10	minerals	mineral	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give back** *in a quote* | present | Rwanda | tonnes of smuggled minerals | Congo  DR |  |  |  | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent congo=Recipient tonne=Theme |
| 2 | **smuggle** *in a quote* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Rwanda», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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