---
title: The recession, as well as the landfall of Hurricane Tomas in 2010, l… — Saint Lucia · tree and pragmatics
description: The recession, as well as the landfall of Hurricane Tomas in 2010, led to slow economic growth during the early 2010s, although the economy picked up during the later part of the decade and avoided contraction until 2020, after the COVID-19 pandemic caused major economic issues globally. Who acts: r
---

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# Saint Lucia, sentence 79

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From Wikipedia, [«Saint Lucia»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Lucia), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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The recession, as well as the landfall of Hurricane Tomas in 2010, led to slow economic growth during the early 2010s, although the economy picked up during the later part of the decade and avoided contraction until 2020, after the COVID-19 pandemic caused major economic issues globally.

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**Who acts:** recession, economy, COVID pandemic · **What happens:** lead, slow, pick up, avoid, cause · **To what, where:** economic growth, contraction, major economic issues

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Saint Lucia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (recession, economy, COVID pandemic), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Saint_Lucia:79
# text = The recession, as well as the landfall of Hurricane Tomas in 2010, led to slow economic growth during the early 2010s, although the economy picked up during the later part of the decade and avoided contraction until 2020, after the COVID-19 pandemic caused major economic issues globally.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	recession	recession	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
4	as	as	ADV	RB	ExtPos=CCONJ	8	cc	_	_
5	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	4	fixed	_	_
6	as	as	ADP	IN	_	4	fixed	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	landfall	landfall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Hurricane	Hurricane	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	Tomas	Tomas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	flat	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	2010	2010	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
15	led	lead	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	slow	slow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	xcomp	_	_
18	economic	economic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	growth	growth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
20	during	during	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	early	early	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	2010s	2010	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
25	although	although	SCONJ	IN	_	28	mark	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	economy	economy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nsubj	_	_
28	picked	pick	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	conj	_	_
29	up	up	ADP	RP	_	28	compound:prt	_	_
30	during	during	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
32	later	late	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	33	amod	_	_
33	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	_
34	of	of	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	decade	decade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	nmod	_	_
37	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
38	avoided	avoid	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	conj	_	_
39	contraction	contraction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	obj	_	_
40	until	until	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
41	2020	2020	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	38	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	49	punct	_	_
43	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	49	mark	_	_
44	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	48	det	_	_
45	COVID	COVID	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	48	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
46	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	47	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
47	19	19	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	45	flat	_	_
48	pandemic	pandemic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	49	nsubj	_	_
49	caused	cause	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	parataxis	_	_
50	major	major	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	52	amod	_	_
51	economic	economic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	52	amod	_	_
52	issues	issue	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	49	obj	_	_
53	globally	globally	ADV	RB	_	49	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
54	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lead** | past | the recession |  |  |  |  |  | vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Result |
| 2 | **slow** | to-infinitive | the recession *not said here* | economic growth |  |  | during the early 2010s |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent growth=Patient |
| 3 | **pick up** | past | the economy |  |  |  | during the later part of the decade |  | vn discover-84-1 «NP V PP.topic S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **avoid** | past | the economy *not said here* | contraction |  |  | until 2020 |  | vn avoid-52 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent contraction=Location |
| 5 | **cause** | past | the COVID pandemic | major economic issues |  |  |  | globally *property* | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition issue=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Saint Lucia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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