--- title: Due to Onofri's intervention, Napoleon promised in a letter to Gaspa… — San Marino · tree and pragmatics description: Due to Onofri's intervention, Napoleon promised in a letter to Gaspard Monge, a scientist and the commissary of the French Government for Science and Art, to guarantee and protect the independence of the Republic, even offering to extend its territory according to its needs. Who acts: Napoleon, Onof --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/San_Marino/34/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/) / [en](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/) / [San Marino](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/San_Marino/) / 34 # San Marino, sentence 34 From Wikipedia, [«San Marino»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Marino), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too. Due to Onofri's intervention, Napoleon promised in a letter to Gaspard Monge, a scientist and the commissary of the French Government for Science and Art, to guarantee and protect the independence of the Republic, even offering to extend its territory according to its needs. **Who acts:** Napoleon, Onofri, independence · **What happens:** promise, guarantee, protect, offer, extend, accord · **To what, where:** letter, independence, territory This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «San Marino». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Napoleon, Onofri, independence), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = wikipedia:San_Marino:34 # text = Due to Onofri's intervention, Napoleon promised in a letter to Gaspard Monge, a scientist and the commissary of the French Government for Science and Art, to guarantee and protect the independence of the Republic, even offering to extend its territory according to its needs. 1 Due due ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP 5 case _ _ 2 to to ADP IN _ 1 fixed _ _ 3 Onofri Onofri PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 nmod:poss _ SpaceAfter=No 4 's 's PART POS _ 3 case _ _ 5 intervention intervention NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 6 , , PUNCT , _ 5 punct _ _ 7 Napoleon Napoleon PROPN NNP Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ _ 8 promised promise VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 9 in in ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 letter letter NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obl _ _ 12 to to ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 13 Gaspard Gaspard PROPN NNP Number=Sing 11 nmod _ _ 14 Monge Monge PROPN NNP Number=Sing 13 flat _ SpaceAfter=No 15 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 16 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 17 scientist scientist NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 conj _ _ 18 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 19 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 commissary commissary NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 conj _ _ 21 of of ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 22 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 23 French French ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 24 amod _ _ 24 Government government NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 nmod _ _ 25 for for ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 26 Science Science PROPN NNP Number=Sing 17 nmod _ _ 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 28 Art Art PROPN NNP Number=Sing 26 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 29 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 30 to to PART TO _ 31 mark _ _ 31 guarantee guarantee VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 8 parataxis _ _ 32 and and CCONJ CC _ 33 cc _ _ 33 protect protect VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 31 conj _ _ 34 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 35 independence independence NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 obj _ _ 36 of of ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 37 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 38 det _ _ 38 Republic Republic PROPN NNP Number=Sing 35 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 39 , , PUNCT , _ 41 punct _ _ 40 even even ADV RB _ 41 advmod _ _ 41 offering offer VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 33 advcl _ _ 42 to to PART TO _ 43 mark _ _ 43 extend extend VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 41 xcomp _ _ 44 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 45 nmod:poss _ _ 45 territory territory NOUN NN Number=Sing 43 obj _ _ 46 according accord VERB VBG ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 49 case _ _ 47 to to ADP IN _ 46 fixed _ _ 48 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 49 nmod:poss _ _ 49 needs need NOUN NNS Number=Plur 43 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 50 . . PUNCT . _ 8 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **promise** *speech: promise* | past | Napoleon | | | a letter to Gaspard and a scientist for Science and Art and the commissary of the French Government | | due Onofri's intervention | vn promise-37.13 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **guarantee** | to-infinitive | | | | | | | vn ensure-99 «NP V that S»: agent=Precondition | | 3 | **protect** | infinitive | | the independence of the Republic | | | | | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent independence=Beneficiary | | 4 | **offer** | gerund | | | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **extend** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | | independence's territory | | | | accord independence's needs | vn body\_motion-49.2-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent territory=Theme | | 6 | **accord** | gerund | | | | | | | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent | | 7 | **intervene** | | Onofri | | | | | | nom intervention «act intransitive»: poss=agent | | 8 | **need** | | independence | | | | | | nom need «state transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** the English Wikipedia, «San Marino», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0. - ← previous: [sentence 33](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/San_Marino/33/) - next →: [sentence 35](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/San_Marino/35/) - ↑ back to [San Marino](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/San_Marino/)