---
title: A 2011 study found that the first modern humans to spread east acros… — Saudi Arabia · tree and pragmatics
description: A 2011 study found that the first modern humans to spread east across Asia left Africa about 75,000 years ago across the Bab-el-Mandeb connecting the Horn of Africa and Arabia. Who acts: 2011 study, first modern humans, Asia, Mandeb. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Saudi Arabia» with its dependency tree 
---

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# Saudi Arabia, sentence 34

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From Wikipedia, [«Saudi Arabia»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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A 2011 study found that the first modern humans to spread east across Asia left Africa about 75,000 years ago across the Bab-el-Mandeb connecting the Horn of Africa and Arabia.

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**Who acts:** 2011 study, first modern humans, Asia, Mandeb · **What happens:** find, spread, leave, connect · **To what, where:** Africa, Bab el, Horn · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Saudi Arabia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (2011 study, first modern humans, Asia, Mandeb), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Saudi_Arabia:34
# text = A 2011 study found that the first modern humans to spread east across Asia left Africa about 75,000 years ago across the Bab-el-Mandeb connecting the Horn of Africa and Arabia.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	2011	2011	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
3	study	study	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	9	amod	_	_
8	modern	modern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	humans	human	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	spread	spread	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	ccomp	_	_
12	east	east	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
13	across	across	ADP	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
14	Asia	Asia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
15	left	leave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	advcl	_	_
16	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
17	about	about	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	75,000	75,000	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	19	nummod	_	_
19	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obl:unmarked	_	_
20	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
21	across	across	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
23	Bab	bab	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	el	el	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	Mandeb	Mandeb	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	appos	_	_
28	connecting	connect	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	27	acl	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	Horn	Horn	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	obj	_	_
31	of	of	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	30	nmod	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
34	Arabia	Arabia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	30	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | past | a 2011 study |  |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **spread** | to-infinitive | the first modern humans |  |  |  |  | east *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **leave** | past | Asia | Africa |  | the Bab el |  | ago *property* | vn leave-51.2-1 «NP V NP.initial\_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme africa=Source across el=Destination |
| 4 | **connect** | gerund | Mandeb *not said here* | the Horn of Africa and Arabia |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horn=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Saudi Arabia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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