---
title: Substantial investments have been undertaken in seawater desalinatio… — Saudi Arabia · tree and pragmatics
description: Substantial investments have been undertaken in seawater desalination, water distribution, sewerage and wastewater treatment. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Saudi Arabia» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Saudi Arabia, sentence 419

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From Wikipedia, [«Saudi Arabia»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Substantial investments have been undertaken in seawater desalination, water distribution, sewerage and wastewater treatment.

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**What happens:** undertake · **To what, where:** Substantial investments, seawater desalination

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Saudi Arabia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Saudi_Arabia:419
# text = Substantial investments have been undertaken in seawater desalination, water distribution, sewerage and wastewater treatment.
1	Substantial	substantial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	investments	investment	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	undertaken	undertake	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	seawater	seawater	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	desalination	desalination	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	distribution	distribution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	sewerage	sewerage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	wastewater	wastewater	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	treatment	treatment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **undertake** | present · perfect · passive |  | Substantial investments |  | seawater desalination and water distribution and sewerage and wastewater treatment |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Saudi Arabia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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