---
title: Although Arab and Swahili sailors likely knew of the islands earlier… — Seychelles · tree and pragmatics
description: Although Arab and Swahili sailors likely knew of the islands earlier through Indian Ocean trade routes, there is no evidence of permanent settlement before European involvement. Who acts: evidence. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Seychelles» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Seychelles, sentence 6

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From Wikipedia, [«Seychelles»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seychelles), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Although Arab and Swahili sailors likely knew of the islands earlier through Indian Ocean trade routes, there is no evidence of permanent settlement before European involvement.

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**Who acts:** evidence · **What happens:** know, be, evidence · **To what, where:** Indian Ocean trade routes, permanent settlement

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Seychelles». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (evidence), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Seychelles:6
# text = Although Arab and Swahili sailors likely knew of the islands earlier through Indian Ocean trade routes, there is no evidence of permanent settlement before European involvement.
1	Although	although	SCONJ	IN	_	5	case	_	_
2	Arab	Arab	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	Swahili	swahili	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
5	sailors	sailor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
6	likely	likely	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	islands	island	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
11	earlier	early	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	7	advmod	_	_
12	through	through	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
13	Indian	Indian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
14	Ocean	Ocean	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
15	trade	trade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	routes	route	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	19	expl	_	_
19	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
20	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	21	det	_	_
21	evidence	evidence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	permanent	permanent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	settlement	settlement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	_
25	before	before	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	European	European	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	involvement	involvement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | past |  |  |  | Indian Ocean trade routes |  | although Arab sailors; of the islands; early, likely *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer of island=Stimulus |
| 2 | **be** | present | no evidence of permanent settlement before European involvement |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **evidence** |  |  | permanent settlement |  |  | before European involvement |  | nom evidence «cognition transitive»: of=patient before=obl |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Seychelles», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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