---
title: Iron technology had been adopted by the 9th century and agriculture… — Sierra Leone · tree and pragmatics
description: Iron technology had been adopted by the 9th century and agriculture established by 1000 AD along the coast. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Sierra Leone» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Sierra Leone, sentence 31

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From Wikipedia, [«Sierra Leone»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierra_Leone), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Iron technology had been adopted by the 9th century and agriculture established by 1000 AD along the coast.

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**What happens:** adopt, establish · **To what, where:** Iron technology, agriculture

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Sierra Leone». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Sierra_Leone:31
# text = Iron technology had been adopted by the 9th century and agriculture established by 1000 AD along the coast.
1	Iron	iron	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	technology	technology	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	adopted	adopt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	9th	9th	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	century	century	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	agriculture	agriculture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
12	established	establish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	acl	_	_
13	by	by	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	1000	1000	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	15	nummod	_	_
15	AD	ad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
16	along	along	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	coast	coast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **adopt** | past · perfect · passive |  | Iron technology |  |  | century |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **establish** | participle |  | agriculture *not said here* |  |  |  | by 1000 AD along the coast | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Sierra Leone», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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