---
title: All elections are held using first-past-the-post voting. — Singapore · tree and pragmatics
description: All elections are held using first-past-the-post voting. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Singapore» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Singapore, sentence 219

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From Wikipedia, [«Singapore»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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All elections are held using first-past-the-post voting.

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**What happens:** hold, use · **To what, where:** elections, past

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Singapore». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Singapore:219
# text = All elections are held using first-past-the-post voting.
1	All	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	elections	election	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	held	hold	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	using	use	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
6	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	past	past	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	post	post	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	voting	voting	NOUN	NN	_	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | present · passive |  | all elections |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **use** | gerund |  | past  the post voting |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent past=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Singapore», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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