---
title: China has been Singapore's largest trading partner since 2013, after… — Singapore · tree and pragmatics
description: China has been Singapore's largest trading partner since 2013, after surpassing Malaysia. Who acts: China. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Singapore» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Singapore/260/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/) / [en](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/) / [Singapore](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Singapore/) / 260

# Singapore, sentence 260

<!-- div src -->

From Wikipedia, [«Singapore»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
China has been Singapore's largest trading partner since 2013, after surpassing Malaysia.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** China · **What happens:** be, surpass · **To what, where:** largest trading partner, Malaysia

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Singapore». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (China), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Singapore:260
# text = China has been Singapore's largest trading partner since 2013, after surpassing Malaysia.
1	China	China	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
3	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	8	cop	_	_
4	Singapore	Singapore	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
6	largest	large	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	8	amod	_	_
7	trading	trading	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	partner	partner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	since	since	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	2013	2013	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
13	surpassing	surpass	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	conj	_	_
14	Malaysia	Malaysia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present · perfect | China | Singapore's largest trading partner |  |  | since 2013 | Singapore *nmod:poss* | tree rules |
| 2 | **surpass** | gerund | China *not said here* | Malaysia |  |  |  |  | vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot malaysia=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Singapore», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [sentence 259](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Singapore/259/)
- next →: [sentence 261](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Singapore/261/)
- ↑ back to [Singapore](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Singapore/)