---
title: Upgraded in 1998 and renamed Electronic Road Pricing (ERP), the syst… — Singapore · tree and pragmatics
description: Upgraded in 1998 and renamed Electronic Road Pricing (ERP), the system introduced electronic toll collection, electronic detection, and video surveillance technology. Who acts: system. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Singapore» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Singapore, sentence 346

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From Wikipedia, [«Singapore»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Upgraded in 1998 and renamed Electronic Road Pricing (ERP), the system introduced electronic toll collection, electronic detection, and video surveillance technology.

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**Who acts:** system · **What happens:** upgrade, rename, introduce · **To what, where:** 1998, Road Pricing, electronic toll collection

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Singapore». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (system), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Singapore:346
# text = Upgraded in 1998 and renamed Electronic Road Pricing (ERP), the system introduced electronic toll collection, electronic detection, and video surveillance technology.
1	Upgraded	upgrade	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	1998	1998	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	1	obl	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	renamed	rename	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
6	Electronic	Electronic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	Road	Road	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	Pricing	Pricing	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
9	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	ERP	ERP	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	system	system	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
15	introduced	introduce	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
16	electronic	electronic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
17	toll	toll	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	collection	collection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	electronic	electronic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	detection	detection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
24	video	video	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	compound	_	_
25	surveillance	surveillance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	compound	_	_
26	technology	technology	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **upgrade** | participle |  |  |  | 1998 |  |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **rename** | past |  | Road Pricing |  |  |  | surveillance technology *obl* | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent pricing=Result |
| 3 | **introduce** | past | the system | electronic toll collection and electronic detection |  |  |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent collection=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Singapore», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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