---
title: Students who have been abroad for a while, or who struggle with thei… — Singapore · tree and pragmatics
description: Students who have been abroad for a while, or who struggle with their "Mother Tongue" language, are allowed to take a simpler syllabus or drop the subject. Who acts: Students. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Singapore» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Singapore, sentence 448

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From Wikipedia, [«Singapore»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Students who have been abroad for a while, or who struggle with their "Mother Tongue" language, are allowed to take a simpler syllabus or drop the subject.

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**Who acts:** Students · **What happens:** be, struggle, allow, take, drop · **To what, where:** Students, simpler syllabus, subject

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Singapore». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Students), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Singapore:448
# text = Students who have been abroad for a while, or who struggle with their "Mother Tongue" language, are allowed to take a simpler syllabus or drop the subject.
1	Students	student	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	cop	_	_
5	abroad	abroad	ADV	RB	_	1	acl:relcl	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	while	while	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	struggle	struggle	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
13	with	with	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
14	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
15	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	Mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	Tongue	tongue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	_
19	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
21	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux:pass	_	_
22	allowed	allow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
23	to	to	PART	TO	_	24	mark	_	_
24	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	xcomp	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
26	simpler	simple	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	27	amod	_	_
27	syllabus	syllabus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	_
28	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
29	drop	drop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	conj	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	subject	subject	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	22	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present · perfect | Students |  |  |  | while | abroad *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **struggle** | present | Students |  |  |  |  | with students's Tongue language | vn battle-36.4 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with language=Co-Agent |
| 3 | **allow** | present · passive |  | Students |  |  |  |  | vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP S»: subject=Beneficiary clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **take** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | Students *not said here* | a simpler syllabus |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent syllabus=Theme |
| 5 | **drop** | infinitive | Students *not said here* | the subject |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Singapore», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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