--- title: Slovakia — English Wikipedia · full text with trees · page 7 description: Wikipedia's «Slovakia», whole, every sentence with its dependency tree and pragmatics, CC BY-SA 4.0. It begins: Slovakia, officially the Slovak Republic, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Slovakia/page/7/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/) / [en](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/) / Slovakia # Slovakia · page 7 From Wikipedia, [«Slovakia»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovakia), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too. [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Slovakia/) [2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Slovakia/page/2/) [3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Slovakia/page/3/) [4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Slovakia/page/4/) [5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Slovakia/page/5/) [6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Slovakia/page/6/) **7** Slovakia is ranked among the top EU countries regarding the knowledge of foreign languages.[567](../../567/ "tree and pragmatics") In 2007, 68% of the population aged from 25 to 64 years claimed to speak two or more foreign languages, finishing second highest in the European Union.[568](../../568/ "tree and pragmatics") The best known foreign language in Slovakia is [Czech](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_language).[569](../../569/ "tree and pragmatics") [Eurostat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurostat) report also shows that 98.3% of Slovak students in the upper secondary education take on two foreign languages, ranking highly over the average 60.1% in the European Union.[\[254\]](../../page/7/#ref-254 "note 254")[570](../../570/ "tree and pragmatics") According to a [Eurobarometer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurobarometer) survey from 2012, 26% of the population have knowledge of English at a conversational level, followed by German (22%) and Russian (17%).[\[255\]](../../page/7/#ref-255 "note 255")[571](../../571/ "tree and pragmatics") The deaf community uses the [Slovak Sign Language](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovak_Sign_Language).[572](../../572/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Religion Main article: [Religion in Slovakia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_Slovakia) The [Slovak constitution](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Slovakia) guarantees [freedom of religion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_religion).[573](../../573/ "tree and pragmatics") In 2021, 55.8% of population identified themselves as [Catholics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Slovakia) ([Latin Church](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_Church)), 5.3% as [Lutherans](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelical_Church_of_the_Augsburg_Confession_in_Slovakia), 1.6% as [Calvinists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reformed_Christian_Church_in_Slovakia), 4% as [Greek Catholics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovak_Greek_Catholic_Church), 0.9% as [Orthodox](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthodox_Church_of_the_Czech_Lands_and_Slovakia), 23.8% identified themselves as [atheists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atheism) or non-religious, and 6.5% did not answer the question about their belief.[\[256\]](../../page/7/#ref-256 "note 256")[574](../../574/ "tree and pragmatics") In 2004, about one third of the church members regularly attended church services.[\[257\]](../../page/7/#ref-257 "note 257")[575](../../575/ "tree and pragmatics") The [Slovak Greek Catholic Church](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovak_Greek_Catholic_Church) is an Eastern rite [sui iuris](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sui_iuris) Catholic Church.[576](../../576/ "tree and pragmatics") Before World War II, an estimated 90,000 Jews lived in Slovakia (1.6% of the population), but most were murdered during the [Holocaust](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocaust).[577](../../577/ "tree and pragmatics") After further reductions due to postwar [emigration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliyah) and assimilation, only about 2,300 Jews remain today (0.04% of the population).[\[258\]](../../page/7/#ref-258 "note 258")[578](../../578/ "tree and pragmatics") There are 18 state-registered religions in Slovakia, of which 16 are Christian, one is Jewish, and one is the [Baháʼí Faith](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baháʼí_Faith).[\[259\]](../../page/7/#ref-259 "note 259")[579](../../579/ "tree and pragmatics") In 2016, a two-thirds majority of the Slovak parliament passed a new bill that would obstruct [Islam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam) and other religious organisations from becoming state-recognised religions by doubling the minimum followers threshold from 25,000 to 50,000; however, Slovakia's then-president [Andrej Kiska](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrej_Kiska) vetoed the bill.[\[259\]](../../page/7/#ref-259 "note 259")[580](../../580/ "tree and pragmatics") In 2010, there were an estimated 5,000 [Muslims](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_in_Slovakia) in Slovakia representing less than 0.1% of the country's population.[\[260\]](../../page/7/#ref-260 "note 260")[581](../../581/ "tree and pragmatics") Slovakia is the only member state of the European Union to not have any [mosques](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosque).[\[261\]](../../page/7/#ref-261 "note 261")[582](../../582/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Education Main article: [Education in Slovakia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Slovakia) Education in Slovakia is compulsory from age 6 to 16.[583](../../583/ "tree and pragmatics") Primary school in Slovakia lasts for nine years, which is divided into two parts, the first stage (age 6–10) and the second stage (age 10–15), which is finished by taking nationwide testing called Monitor (in Slovak language and math).[584](../../584/ "tree and pragmatics") For most students, secondary education (high school) lasts four years, from ages 15 to 19.[585](../../585/ "tree and pragmatics") This is the typical length for students who complete the full nine years of primary school and then enroll in a secondary school.[586](../../586/ "tree and pragmatics") High school is finished by school-leaving exam called Maturita, or Maturitná skúška.[587](../../587/ "tree and pragmatics") The [Programme for International Student Assessment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programme_for_International_Student_Assessment), coordinated by the [OECD](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisation_for_Economic_Co-operation_and_Development), currently ranks [Slovak secondary education](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Slovakia) the 30th in the world (placing it just below the United States and just above Spain).[\[262\]](../../page/7/#ref-262 "note 262")[588](../../588/ "tree and pragmatics") After finishing high school, students can go to university.[589](../../589/ "tree and pragmatics") Slovakia has a wide range of universities.[590](../../590/ "tree and pragmatics") The biggest university is [Comenius University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comenius_University), established in 1919.[591](../../591/ "tree and pragmatics") Although it is not the first university ever established on Slovak territory, it is the oldest university that is still running.[592](../../592/ "tree and pragmatics") Most universities in Slovakia are public funded, where anyone can apply.[593](../../593/ "tree and pragmatics") Every citizen has a right to free education in public schools.[594](../../594/ "tree and pragmatics") The country has also several privately funded universities.[595](../../595/ "tree and pragmatics") Anyone can apply to any number of universities.[596](../../596/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Health The Slovak healthcare system faces significant structural challenges characterized by a chronic shortage of medical professionals.[597](../../597/ "tree and pragmatics") According to the [European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Observatory_on_Health_Systems_and_Policies), the technical state of many public hospitals requires extensive modernization to meet contemporary European standards.[\[263\]](../../page/7/#ref-263 "note 263")[\[264\]](../../page/7/#ref-264 "note 264")[598](../../598/ "tree and pragmatics") The country continues to rank among the region's highest in per capita pure alcohol consumption.[599](../../599/ "tree and pragmatics") Behavioral risk factors, led by alcohol abuse, are associated with roughly 30% of total mortality.[\[265\]](../../page/7/#ref-265 "note 265")[600](../../600/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Culture Main article: [Culture of Slovakia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Slovakia) ### Folk tradition See also: [Music of Slovakia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Slovakia), [Architecture of Slovakia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_Slovakia) [Folk tradition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_tradition) has rooted strongly in Slovakia and is reflected in literature, music, dance and architecture.[601](../../601/ "tree and pragmatics") The prime example is the Slovak national anthem, "[Nad Tatrou sa blýska](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nad_Tatrou_sa_blýska)", which is based on a melody from the "[Kopala studienku](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopala_studienku)" folk song.[602](../../602/ "tree and pragmatics") The manifestation of Slovak folklore culture is the "[Východná](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Východná)" Folklore Festival.[603](../../603/ "tree and pragmatics") It is the oldest and largest nationwide festival with international participation,[\[266\]](../../page/7/#ref-266 "note 266") which takes place in Východná annually.[604](../../604/ "tree and pragmatics") Slovakia is usually represented by many groups but mainly by SĽUK (Slovenský ľudový umelecký kolektív—Slovak folk art collective).[605](../../605/ "tree and pragmatics") SĽUK is the largest Slovak folk art group, trying to preserve the folklore tradition.[606](../../606/ "tree and pragmatics") An example of wooden folk architecture in Slovakia can be seen in the well-preserved village of [Vlkolínec](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlkolínec) which has been the [UNESCO World Heritage Site](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site) since 1993.[\[267\]](../../page/7/#ref-267 "note 267")[607](../../607/ "tree and pragmatics") The [Prešov Region](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prešov_Region) preserves the world's most remarkable folk wooden churches.[608](../../608/ "tree and pragmatics") Most of them are protected by Slovak law as [cultural heritage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_heritage), but some of them are on the [UNESCO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO) list too, in Bodružal, Hervartov, Ladomirová and Ruská Bystrá.[609](../../609/ "tree and pragmatics") The best known Slovak hero, found in many folk [mythologies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mythologies), is [Juraj Jánošík](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juraj_Jánošík) (1688–1713) (the Slovak equivalent of [Robin Hood](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robin_Hood)).[610](../../610/ "tree and pragmatics") The legend says he was taking from the rich and giving to the poor.[611](../../611/ "tree and pragmatics") Jánošík's life was depicted in a list of literary works and many movies throughout the 20th century.[612](../../612/ "tree and pragmatics") One of the most popular is a film Jánošík directed by [Martin Frič](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Frič) in 1935.[\[268\]](../../page/7/#ref-268 "note 268")[613](../../613/ "tree and pragmatics") He is commemorated mainly in [Terchová](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terchová), his family's place of living.[614](../../614/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Art [Visual art](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_art) in Slovakia is represented through [painting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Painting), [drawing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drawing), [printmaking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printmaking), [illustration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illustration), [arts and crafts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handicraft), [sculpture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sculpture), [photography](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photography) or [conceptual art](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conceptual_art).[615](../../615/ "tree and pragmatics") The [Slovak National Gallery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovak_National_Gallery) founded in 1948, is the biggest network of galleries in Slovakia.[616](../../616/ "tree and pragmatics") Two displays in Bratislava are situated in [Esterházy Palace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esterházy_Palace_%28Bratislava%29) (Esterházyho palác) and the Water Barracks (Vodné kasárne), adjacent one to another.[617](../../617/ "tree and pragmatics") They are located on the Danube riverfront in the Old Town.[\[269\]](../../page/7/#ref-269 "note 269")[\[270\]](../../page/7/#ref-270 "note 270")[618](../../618/ "tree and pragmatics") The [Bratislava City Gallery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bratislava_City_Gallery), founded in 1961 is the second biggest Slovak gallery of its kind.[619](../../619/ "tree and pragmatics") It stores about 35,000 pieces of Slovak international art and offers permanent displays in [Pálffy Palace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Pálffy_Palace) and [Mirbach Palace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirbach_Palace), located in the Old Town.[620](../../620/ "tree and pragmatics") Danubiana Art Museum, one of the youngest art museums in Europe, is situated near [Čunovo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Čunovo) waterworks (part of [Gabčíkovo Waterworks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabčíkovo_-_Nagymaros_Dams)).[621](../../621/ "tree and pragmatics") Other major galleries include: [Andy Warhol Museum of Modern Art](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andy_Warhol_Museum_of_Modern_Art) (Warhol's parents were from [Miková](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miková)), [East Slovak Gallery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Slovak_Gallery), [Ernest Zmeták Art Gallery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Zmeták_Art_Gallery), [Zvolen Castle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zvolen_Castle).[622](../../622/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Literature Further information: [Slovak literature](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovak_literature) See also: [List of Slovak authors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Slovak_authors) Christian topics include poem [Proglas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proglas) as a foreword to the four [Gospels](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel), partial translations of the Bible into [Old Church Slavonic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Church_Slavonic), Zakon sudnyj ljudem.[623](../../623/ "tree and pragmatics") [Medieval literature](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_literature), in the period from the 11th to the 15th centuries, was written in [Latin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin), Czech and Slovakised Czech.[624](../../624/ "tree and pragmatics") Lyric (prayers, songs and formulas) was still controlled by the Church, while epic was concentrated on legends.[625](../../625/ "tree and pragmatics") Authors from this period include [Johannes de Thurocz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_de_Thurocz), author of the [Chronica Hungarorum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronica_Hungarorum) and Maurus, both of them Hungarians.[\[271\]](../../page/7/#ref-271 "note 271")[626](../../626/ "tree and pragmatics") The worldly literature also emerged and chronicles were written in this period.[627](../../627/ "tree and pragmatics") Two leading persons codified Slovak.[628](../../628/ "tree and pragmatics") The first was [Anton Bernolák](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anton_Bernolák), whose concept was based on the western Slovak [dialect](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialect) in 1787.[629](../../629/ "tree and pragmatics") It was the codification of the first-ever literary language of Slovaks.[630](../../630/ "tree and pragmatics") The second was [Ľudovít Štúr](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ľudovít_Štúr), whose formation of the Slovak took principles from the central Slovak dialect in 1843.[631](../../631/ "tree and pragmatics") Slovakia is also known for its polyhistors, of whom include [Pavol Jozef Šafárik](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavel_Jozef_Šafárik), [Matej Bel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthias_Bel), [Ján Kollár](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ján_Kollár), and its political revolutionaries and reformists, such [Milan Rastislav Štefánik](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milan_Rastislav_Štefánik) and [Alexander Dubček](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Dubček).[632](../../632/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Cuisine Main article: [Slovak cuisine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovak_cuisine) See also: [Slovak wine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovak_wine), [Beer in Slovakia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beer_in_Slovakia) Traditional Slovak cuisine is based mainly on [pork](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pork), [poultry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poultry) ([chicken](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicken) is the most widely eaten, followed by [duck](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duck), [goose](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goose), and [turkey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey_as_food)), [flour](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flour), [potatoes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potato), [cabbage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabbage), and [milk products](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk_products).[633](../../633/ "tree and pragmatics") It is relatively closely related to [Hungarian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungarian_cuisine), [Czech](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_cuisine), [Polish](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_cuisine) and [Austrian cuisine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_cuisine).[634](../../634/ "tree and pragmatics") On the east it is also influenced by [Ukrainian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_cuisine), including [Lemko](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemkos) and [Rusyn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusyns).[635](../../635/ "tree and pragmatics") In comparison with other European countries, ["game meat"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_%28hunting%29) is more accessible in Slovakia due to vast resources of forest and because hunting is relatively popular.[\[272\]](../../page/7/#ref-272 "note 272")[636](../../636/ "tree and pragmatics") [Boar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boar), [rabbit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabbit), and [venison](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venison) are generally available throughout the year.[637](../../637/ "tree and pragmatics") [Lamb](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheep) and [goat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goat) are eaten but are not widely popular.[\[273\]](../../page/7/#ref-273 "note 273")[638](../../638/ "tree and pragmatics") The traditional Slovak meals are [bryndzové halušky](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryndzové_halušky), bryndzové pirohy and other meals with potato dough and [bryndza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryndza).[639](../../639/ "tree and pragmatics") Bryndza is a salty cheese made of sheep milk, characterised by a strong taste and aroma.[640](../../640/ "tree and pragmatics") Bryndzové halušky especially is considered a national dish, and is very commonly found on the menu of traditional Slovak restaurants.[641](../../641/ "tree and pragmatics") A typical soup is a [sauerkraut](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sauerkraut) soup ("kapustnica").[642](../../642/ "tree and pragmatics") A [blood sausage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_pudding) called "krvavnica", made from any parts of a butchered pig, is also a specific Slovak meal.[643](../../643/ "tree and pragmatics") Wine is enjoyed throughout Slovakia.[644](../../644/ "tree and pragmatics") [Slovak wine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovak_wine) comes predominantly from the southern areas along the Danube and its tributaries; the northern half of the country is too cold and mountainous to grow grapevines.[645](../../645/ "tree and pragmatics") Traditionally, white wine was more popular than red or rosé (except in some regions), and [sweet wine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweetness_of_wine) more popular than dry; however, in recent years tastes seem to be changing.[\[274\]](../../page/7/#ref-274 "note 274")[646](../../646/ "tree and pragmatics") Beer (mainly of the [pilsener](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilsener) style, though [dark lagers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunkel) are also consumed) is also popular.[647](../../647/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Sport Main article: [Sport in Slovakia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_in_Slovakia) Sporting activities are practised widely in Slovakia, many of them on a professional level.[648](../../648/ "tree and pragmatics") [Ice hockey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_hockey) and [football](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_football) have traditionally been regarded as the most popular sports in Slovakia, though [tennis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennis), [handball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handball), [basketball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketball), [volleyball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volleyball), [whitewater slalom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitewater_slalom), [cycling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycle_sport), [alpine skiing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpine_skiing), [biathlon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biathlon) and [athletics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_of_athletics) are also popular.[649](../../649/ "tree and pragmatics") One of the most popular team sports in Slovakia is [ice hockey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_hockey).[650](../../650/ "tree and pragmatics") Slovakia became a member of the [IIHF](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IIHF) on 2 February 1993.[\[275\]](../../page/7/#ref-275 "note 275")[651](../../651/ "tree and pragmatics") Since then, the team has won four medals in [Ice Hockey World Championships](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_Hockey_World_Championships), consisting of one gold, two silver and a bronze.[652](../../652/ "tree and pragmatics") The most recent success was a silver medal at the [2012 IIHF World Championship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_IIHF_World_Championship) in [Helsinki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinki) [corpus](../../../Helsinki/ "in our corpus").[653](../../653/ "tree and pragmatics") The Slovak national hockey team made eight appearances in the [Olympic games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovakia_men%27s_national_ice_hockey_team), finishing fourth in the [2010 Winter Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Winter_Olympics) in [Vancouver](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancouver) and third with bronze medal at the [2022 Winter Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics) in [Beijing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing) [corpus](../../../Beijing/ "in our corpus").[654](../../654/ "tree and pragmatics") The country has 8,280 registered players and is ranked seventh in the [IIHF World Ranking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IIHF_World_Ranking) at present.[655](../../655/ "tree and pragmatics") The Slovak hockey teams [HC Slovan Bratislava](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HC_Slovan_Bratislava) and [HC Lev Poprad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HC_Lev_Poprad) participated in the [Kontinental Hockey League](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontinental_Hockey_League).[\[276\]](../../page/7/#ref-276 "note 276")[656](../../656/ "tree and pragmatics") Slovakia hosted the [2011 IIHF World Championship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_IIHF_World_Championship), where [Finland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland_men%27s_national_ice_hockey_team) won the gold medal and [2019 IIHF World Championship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_IIHF_World_Championship), where [Finland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland_men%27s_national_ice_hockey_team) also won the gold medal.[657](../../657/ "tree and pragmatics") Both competitions took place in [Bratislava](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bratislava) [corpus](../../../Bratislava/ "in our corpus") and [Košice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Košice).[\[277\]](../../page/7/#ref-277 "note 277")[658](../../658/ "tree and pragmatics") Football is the most popular sport in Slovakia, with over 400,000 registered players.[659](../../659/ "tree and pragmatics") Since 1993, the [Slovak national football team](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovak_national_football_team) has qualified for the [FIFA World Cup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIFA_World_Cup) once, in [2010](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_FIFA_World_Cup).[660](../../660/ "tree and pragmatics") They progressed to the last 16, where they were defeated by the [Netherlands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands_national_football_team).[661](../../661/ "tree and pragmatics") The most notable result was the 3–2 victory over [Italy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy_national_football_team).[662](../../662/ "tree and pragmatics") In 2015, the [Slovak national football team](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovak_national_football_team) qualified for the [UEFA Euro 2016](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016) tournament, under head coach [Ján Kozák](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ján_Kozák_%28footballer,_born_1954%29).[663](../../663/ "tree and pragmatics") This helped the team reach its best-ever position of 14th in the [FIFA World Rankings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIFA_World_Rankings).[\[278\]](../../page/7/#ref-278 "note 278")[664](../../664/ "tree and pragmatics") In club competitions, only three teams have qualified for the [UEFA Champions League](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA_Champions_League) Group Stage, namely [MFK Košice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MFK_Košice) in [1997–98](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997–98_UEFA_Champions_League), [FC Artmedia Bratislava](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FC_Artmedia_Bratislava) in [2005–06 season](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005–06_UEFA_Champions_League), and [MŠK Žilina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MŠK_Žilina) in [2010–11](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010–11_UEFA_Champions_League).[665](../../665/ "tree and pragmatics") FC Artmedia Bratislava has been the most successful team, finishing third at the Group Stage of the [UEFA Cup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005–06_UEFA_Cup), therefore qualifying for the knockout stage.[666](../../666/ "tree and pragmatics") They remain the only Slovak club that has won a match at the group stage.[667](../../667/ "tree and pragmatics") ## See also [Outline of Slovakia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_Slovakia) ## Bibliography - Julius Bartl et al., Slovak History: Chronology & Lexicon.[668](../../668/ "tree and pragmatics") Wauconda, IL: Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, 2002.[669](../../669/ "tree and pragmatics") - Olga Drobna, Eduard Drobny, and Magdalena Gocnikova, Slovakia: The Heart of Europe.[670](../../670/ "tree and pragmatics") Wauconda, IL: Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, 1996.[671](../../671/ "tree and pragmatics") - Pavel Dvorak, The Early History of Slovakia in Images.[672](../../672/ "tree and pragmatics") Budmerice, Slovakia: Vydavatel'stvo Rak Budmerice, 2006.[673](../../673/ "tree and pragmatics") - Sharon Fisher, Political Change in Post-Communist Slovakia and Croatia: From Nationalist to Europeanist.[674](../../674/ "tree and pragmatics") New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006.[675](../../675/ "tree and pragmatics") - Karen Henderson, Slovakia: The Escape from Invisibility.[676](../../676/ "tree and pragmatics") London: Routledge, 2002.[677](../../677/ "tree and pragmatics") - Rob Humphrey, The Rough Guide to the Czech and Slovak Republics.[678](../../678/ "tree and pragmatics") New York: Rough Guides, 2006.[679](../../679/ "tree and pragmatics") - Michael Jacobs, Blue Guide: Czech and Slovak Republics.[680](../../680/ "tree and pragmatics") London: A.&C. Black, 1999.[681](../../681/ "tree and pragmatics") - Owen V. Johnson, Slovakia 1918–1938: Education and the Making of a Nation.[682](../../682/ "tree and pragmatics") Boulder, CO: East European Monographs, 1985.[683](../../683/ "tree and pragmatics") - Lil Junas, My Slovakia: An American's View.[684](../../684/ "tree and pragmatics") Martin, Slovakia: Vydavatelśtvo Matice slovenskej, 2001.[685](../../685/ "tree and pragmatics") - Stanislav Kirschbaum, A History of Slovakia: The Struggle for Survival.[686](../../686/ "tree and pragmatics") New York: St. Martin's Press, 1995.[687](../../687/ "tree and pragmatics") - Eugen Lazistan, Fedor Mikovič, Ivan Kučma, and Anna Jurečková, Slovakia: A Photographic Odyssey.[688](../../688/ "tree and pragmatics") Wauconda, IL: Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, 2001.[689](../../689/ "tree and pragmatics") - Elena Mannová, A Concise History of Slovakia.[690](../../690/ "tree and pragmatics") Bratislava: Historický ústav SAV, 2000.[691](../../691/ "tree and pragmatics") - Anton Spiesz and Dusan Caplovic, Illustrated Slovak History: A Struggle for Sovereignty in Central Europe.[692](../../692/ "tree and pragmatics") Wauconda, IL : Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, 2001.[693](../../693/ "tree and pragmatics") ## External links Government[694](../../694/ "tree and pragmatics") [Government Office of the Slovak Republic](http://www.vlada.gov.sk/government-office-of-the-slovak-republic/) [President of the Slovak Republic](https://www.prezident.sk/en/) [Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of the Slovak Republic](https://www.mzv.sk/web/en) [Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic](https://slovak.statistics.sk/) Tourism and living information[695](../../695/ "tree and pragmatics") [Official Slovak National Tourism Portal](https://slovakia.travel/en) [Railways of Slovak Republic](https://www.zssk.sk/en/) [Slovakia](https://www.lonelyplanet.com/slovakia) at [Lonely Planet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lonely_Planet) [Slovakia](https://www.tripadvisor.com/Tourism-g274922-Slovakia-Vacations.html) at [Tripadvisor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tripadvisor) General information[696](../../696/ "tree and pragmatics") [Slovakia](https://web.archive.org/web/20260115002940/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/slovakia/). *[The World Factbook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_World_Factbook)*. [Central Intelligence Agency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency). [Slovakia profile](https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-17847682) from the [BBC News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_News) [Key Development Forecasts for the Slovak Republic](http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=SK) from [International Futures](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Futures) [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Slovakia/) [2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Slovakia/page/2/) [3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Slovakia/page/3/) [4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Slovakia/page/4/) [5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Slovakia/page/5/) [6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Slovakia/page/6/) **7** ## References {#references} 1\. 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[Cambridge University Press](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press). 12\. /sloʊˈvækiə,\_-ˈvɑːk-/\[10\]\[11\] *Slovensko* ˈslɔʋenskɔ 13\. *Slovenská republika* ˈslɔʋenskaː ˈrepublika 14\. Dixon-Kennedy, Mike (1998). "[Encyclopedia of Russian & Slavic myth and legend](https://books.google.com/books?id=eD5AkdM83iIC&pg=PA57)". ABC-CLIO. 15\. Pirický, Gabriel (3 March 2023). "[Europe's Islamic Legacy: 1900 to the Present](https://brill.com/display/book/9789004510722/BP000010.xml)". Brill. 16\. Ágoston, Gábor (1998). "HABSBURGS AND OTTOMANS: Defense, Military Change and Shifts in Power". *Turkish Studies Association Bulletin*. 17\. "[A life for a language: Ľudovít Štúr (1815–54) and the Slovak nation](https://blogs.bl.uk/european/2015/10/a-life-for-a-language.html)". *British Library*. 28 October 2015. 18\. "[Austria-Hungary, HISTORICAL EMPIRE, EUROPE](https://www.britannica.com/place/Austria-Hungary)". *[Encyclopædia Britannica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopædia_Britannica)*. 6 June 2017. 19\. "[Which countries are most generous to new parents?](https://www.economist.com/blogs/graphicdetail/2016/10/daily-chart-10)". *The Economist*. 20\. "[Slovakia - Detroit of the east](https://www.theguardian.com/news/blog/2006/apr/19/slovakiadetroi)". *The Guardian*. 19 April 2006. 21\. "['Europe's Detroit' fears EV impact as nearly 750,000 auto workers exposed to a market 'changing dramatically'](https://fortune.com/europe/2024/01/08/europe-detroit-under-threat-evs-slovakia-lose-85000-jobs/)". *Fortune*. 8 January 2024. 22\. "['Europe's Detroit' is expected to suffer the most from Trump's auto tariffs](https://www.nbcphiladelphia.com/news/business/money-report/europes-detroit-is-expected-to-suffer-the-most-from-trumps-auto-tariffs/4149394/)". *NBC10 Philadelphia*. 2 April 2025. 23\. "[Car production returns to pre-Covid figures in Slovakia](https://spectator.sme.sk/business/c/car-production-returns-to-pre-covid-figures-in-slovakia)". *The Slovak Spectator*. 11 January 2024. 24\. UHLÁR, V.: O pôvode názvov Slovák, Slovensko a slovenčina 25\. Papasonov, Mária; Šmahel, František; Dvořáková, Daniela; Richental, Ulrich (2009). "Kostnická kronika.". Vydavateľstvo Rak.. 26\. Uličný, Ferdinand (2014). "Toponymum Slovensko – pôvod a obsah názvu" \[The name Slovakia (Slovensko) – its origin and content\]. Historický časopis. Historický ústav SAV (3): 548. ISSN 0018-2575. 27\. "[Výrazová a významová diferenciácia a vznik nových pomenovaní](https://www.juls.savba.sk/ediela/ks/1992/8/ks1992-8.pdf)". *Kultúra Slova*. 28\. Neruda, Petr; Kaminská, L.ubomira (2013). "[Neanderthals at Bojnice in the Context of Central Europe](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272944564)". Moravské Zemské Muzeum. 29\. Museum of Prehistoric Prepoštská Cave (2011). "[Museum of Prehistoric](https://muzeumpraveku.sk/)". *muzeumpraveku.sk*. 30\. Benda, Kálmán (1981). "Magyarország történeti kronológiája *("The Historical Chronology of Hungary")*". Akadémiai Kiadó. 31\. Kristó, p.30–31 32\. Neparáczki, Endre; Maróti, Zoltán; Kalmár, Tibor; Maár, Kitti; Nagy, István; Latinovics, Dóra; Kustár, Ágnes; Pálfi, György; Molnár, Erika (12 November 2019). "Y-chromosome haplogroups from Hun, Avar and conquering Hungarian period nomadic people of the Carpathian Basin". *Scientific Reports*. 33\. 'Europe', p.360 34\. Kristó, Gyula (1994). "Korai Magyar Történeti Lexikon (9–14. század)" \[Encyclopedia of Early Hungarian History – 9th–14th centuries\]. Akadémiai Kiadó. 35\. Bóna, István (2001). "[History of Transylvania Volume I. From the Beginnings to 1606 – II. From Dacia to Erdőelve: Transylvania in the Period of the Great Migrations (271–896) – 7. 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Tóth, Sándor László (1998). "Levediától a Kárpát-medencéig *("From Levedia to the Carpathian Basin")*". Szegedi Középkorász Műhely. 42\. page=51 43\. Horváth-Lugossy, Gábor; Makoldi, Miklós; Neparáczki, Endre (2022). "[Kings and Saints - The Age of the Árpáds](https://mki.gov.hu/assets/pdf/MKI_EN_006_kings_and_saints_B5_web.pdf)". Institute of Hungarian Research. 44\. Neparáczki, Endre; Maróti, Zoltán; Kalmár, Tibor; Maár, Kitti; Nagy, István; Latinovics, Dóra; Kustár, Ágnes; Pálfi, György; Molnár, Erika (12 November 2019). "Y-chromosome haplogroups from Hun, Avar and conquering Hungarian period nomadic people of the Carpathian Basin". *Scientific Reports*. 45\. Neparáczki, Endre; Maróti, Zoltán; Kalmár, Tibor; Kocsy, Klaudia; Maár, Kitti; Bihari, Péter; Nagy, István; Fóthi, Erzsébet; Pap, Ildikó (18 October 2018). "Mitogenomic data indicate admixture components of Central-Inner Asian and Srubnaya origin in the conquering Hungarians". *PLOS ONE*. 46\. "[Történelem 5. az általános iskolások számára](https://www.tankonyvkatalogus.hu/pdf/OH-TOR05TB__teljes.pdf)" \[History 5. for primary school students\]. Oktatási Hivatal (Hungarian Educational Authority). 2020. 47\. Kristó, Gyula (1996). "Magyar honfoglalás – honfoglaló magyarok *("The Hungarians' Occupation of their Country – The Hungarians occupying their Country")*". Kossuth Könyvkiadó. 48\. Szabados, György (4 July 2023). "["Ott az ország nekik adaték" – az "elfeledett" pozsonyi csata](https://mki.gov.hu/en/hirek-en/evfortulok-en/ott-az-orszag-nekik-adatek-az-elfeledett-pozsonyi-csata)" \[There, the country is given to them" - the "forgotten" Battle of Pressburg\]. *Institute of Hungarian Research*. 49\. Pavol Kršák; Daniel Gurňák (2012). "Ottov historický atlas Slovensko". Ottovo Nakladatelství. 50\. Steinhübel, Ján (2016). "Nitrianské kniežatstvo: počiatky stredovekého Slovenska = The duchy of Nitra, the beginnings of the medieval Slovakia". Vydavatel̕stvo Rak. 51\. Felak, James Ramon (15 June 1995). "[At the Price of the Republic: Hlinka's Slovak People's Party, 1929–1938](https://books.google.com/books?id=sOlD_8Kw0K0C&pg=PA3)". University of Pittsburgh Pre. 52\. Schuster, Rudolf (January 2004). "[The Slovak Republic: A Decade of Independence, 1993–2002](https://books.google.com/books?id=Brjcd07bN6sC&pg=PA71)". Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers. 53\. Prokhorov, A. M. (1982). "[Great Soviet Encyclopedia](https://books.google.com/books?id=Z0kNAQAAMAAJ)". Macmillan. 54\. Tibenský, Ján (1971). "Slovensko: Dejiny". Obzor. 55\. Richard Marsina (2002). "Žilina v slovenských dejinách : zborník z vedeckej konferencie k 620. výročiu udelenia výsad pre žilinských Slovákov: Žilina 7. mája 2001". Knižné Centrum Vyd. 56\. "[Academia Istropolitana](http://www4.bratislava.sk/en/vismo5/dokumenty2.asp?u=700000&id_org=700000&id=2009414&)". City of Bratislava. 14 February 2005. 57\. Mahoney, William (18 February 2011). "[The History of the Czech Republic and Slovakia](https://books.google.com/books?id=5qgHE29pikMC&q=turks+in+upper+hungary&pg=PA85)". ABC-CLIO. 58\. "[Part of Hungary, Turkish occupation](http://www.slovakiasite.com/history-hungary.php) ". Slovakiasite.com 59\. "[The Ottoman history of Slovakia](https://spectator.sme.sk/c/20035850/the-ottoman-history-of-slovakia.html)". *The Slovak Spectator*. 2010. 60\. [Bratislava](http://www.slovakiasite.com/bratislava.php) . Slovakiasite.com 61\. "[Divided Memories: The Image of the First World War in the Historical Memory of Slovaks](http://www.ceeol.com/aspx/issuedetails.aspx?issueid=d5aaf7a2-7ccf-4f83-9409-e74d93a37525&articleId=283fe9e3-f8ed-463a-92cd-69ec0cb28b52)". Slovak Sociological Review, Issue 3. 2003. 62\. J. V. Polisencky, *History of Czechoslovakia in Outline* (Prague: Bohemia International 1947) at 113–114. 63\. *Documents on British Foreign Policy 1919–1939* edited by Professor E. L. Woodward, Roham Butler, M.A., and [Margaret Lambert](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Lambert), PhD., Third Series, vol.iv, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1951, pps:94–99: 'Memorandum on the Present Political Situation in Slovakia'. 64\. Gerhard L. Weinberg, *The Foreign Policy of Hitler's Germany: Starting World War II, 1937–1939* (Chicago, 1980), pp. 470–481. 65\. Dominik Jůn interviewing Professor Jan Rychlík (2016). "[Czechs and Slovaks – more than just neighbours](http://www.radio.cz/en/section/special/czechs-and-slovaks-more-than-just-neighbours)". Radio Prague. 66\. "[Slovaks condemn WWII deportations of Jews to Nazi death camps](https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/slovaks-condemn-wwii-deportations-of-jews-to-nazi-death-camps)". *PBS NewsHour*. 25 May 2022. 67\. "Obžaloba pri Národnom súde v Bratislave". *Spis Onľud 17/46*. 20 May 1946. 68\. Daxner, Igor (25 July 1946). "Rozsudok Národného súdu v Bratislave". *Spis Tnľud 17/1946*. 69\. Leni Yahil, *The Holocaust: The Fate of European Jewry, 1932–1945* (Oxford, 1990), pp. 402–403. 70\. For the higher figure, see Milan S. Ďurica, *The Slovak Involvement in the Tragedy of the European Jews* (Abano Terme: Piovan Editore, 1989), p. 12; for the lower figure, see Gila Fatran, "The Struggle for Jewish Survival During the Holocaust" in *The Tragedy of the Jews of Slovakia* (Banská Bystrica, 2002), p. 148. 71\. Dawidowicz, Lucy. [The War Against the Jews](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_War_Against_the_Jews), Bantam, 1986. p. 403 72\. Rebekah Klein-Pejšová (2006). "[An overview of the history of Jews in Slovakia](http://www.slovak-jewish-heritage.org/history-of-jews-in-slovakia.html)". *Slovak Jewish Heritage*. Synagoga Slovaca. 73\. Nižňanský, Eduard (2010). *Nacizmus, holokaust, slovenský štát* \[Nazism, holocaust, Slovak state\] (in Slovak). Bratislava: Kalligram. ISBN 978-80-8101-396-6. 74\. "[Slovenské Národné Povstanie – the Slovak national uprising](http://travel.spectator.sme.sk/articles/80/slovenske_narodne_povstanie_the_slovak_national_uprising) ". [SME.sk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SME_%28newspaper%29). 75\. "[Management of the Hungarian Issue in Slovak Politics](http://www.psa.ac.uk/journals/pdf/5/2003/Erika%20Harris.pdf)". 76\. "[Nemecká menšina na Slovensku po roku 1918](http://www.saske.sk/cas/4-98/olejnik.html)" \[German minority in Slovakia after 1918\]. 20 June 2008. 77\. Rock, David; Stefan Wolff (2002). "Coming home to Germany? The integration of ethnic Germans from central and eastern Europe in the Federal Republic". Berghahn. 78\. "[Dr. Thomas Reimer, Carpathian Germans history](http://mertsahinoglu.com/research/carpathian-german-history/)". Mertsahinoglu.com. 79\. "[link](https://spectator.sme.sk/c/20030674/border-killings-remain-unpunished-decades-later.html) ." spectator.sme.sk. Retrieved on 9 June 2019. 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