---
title: The Boyana Church in Sofia, constructed during the Second Bulgarian… — Sofia · tree and pragmatics
description: The Boyana Church in Sofia, constructed during the Second Bulgarian Empire and holding much patrimonial symbolism to the Bulgarian Orthodox Church, was included on the World Heritage List in 1979. Who acts: Boyana Church. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Sofia» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Sofia, sentence 21

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From Wikipedia, [«Sofia»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sofia), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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The Boyana Church in Sofia, constructed during the Second Bulgarian Empire and holding much patrimonial symbolism to the Bulgarian Orthodox Church, was included on the World Heritage List in 1979.

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**Who acts:** Boyana Church · **What happens:** construct, hold, include · **To what, where:** much patrimonial symbolism, Bulgarian Orthodox Church, Heritage List

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Sofia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Boyana Church), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Sofia:21
# text = The Boyana Church in Sofia, constructed during the Second Bulgarian Empire and holding much patrimonial symbolism to the Bulgarian Orthodox Church, was included on the World Heritage List in 1979.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Boyana	Boyana	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Church	Church	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Sofia	Sofia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
7	constructed	construct	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	during	during	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
10	Second	second	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	12	amod	_	_
11	Bulgarian	Bulgarian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	Empire	Empire	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
14	holding	hold	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	22	csubj	_	_
15	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
16	patrimonial	patrimonial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	symbolism	symbolism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
18	to	to	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
20	Bulgarian	Bulgarian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
21	Orthodox	Orthodox	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
22	Church	Church	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	aux:pass	_	_
25	included	include	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	22	acl	_	_
26	on	on	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
28	World	World	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	compound	_	_
29	Heritage	Heritage	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	30	compound	_	_
30	List	List	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	_
31	in	in	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	1979	1979	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **construct** | past | the Boyana Church in Sofia |  |  |  | during the Second Bulgarian Empire and the Bulgarian Orthodox Church |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **hold** | gerund |  | much patrimonial symbolism |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent symbolism=Theme |
| 3 | **include** | past · passive |  | the Bulgarian Orthodox Church *not said here* |  | the Heritage List |  | in 1979 *goal* | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP PP.goal»: in 1979=Goal |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Sofia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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