---
title: The collusive agreement among Somali and Arab traders inflated the p… — Somalia · tree and pragmatics
description: The collusive agreement among Somali and Arab traders inflated the price of Indian and Chinese cinnamon in North Africa, the Near East, and Europe, and made the cinnamon trade a very profitable revenue generator, especially for the Somali merchants. Who acts: collusive agreement, Somali. A sentence 
---

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# Somalia, sentence 58

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From Wikipedia, [«Somalia»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somalia), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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The collusive agreement among Somali and Arab traders inflated the price of Indian and Chinese cinnamon in North Africa, the Near East, and Europe, and made the cinnamon trade a very profitable revenue generator, especially for the Somali merchants.

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**Who acts:** collusive agreement, Somali · **What happens:** inflate, make, merchant · **To what, where:** price, cinnamon trade

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Somalia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (collusive agreement, Somali), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Somalia:58
# text = The collusive agreement among Somali and Arab traders inflated the price of Indian and Chinese cinnamon in North Africa, the Near East, and Europe, and made the cinnamon trade a very profitable revenue generator, especially for the Somali merchants.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	collusive	collusive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	agreement	agreement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
4	among	among	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Somali	Somali	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	Arab	Arab	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	traders	trader	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
9	inflated	inflate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	price	price	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
13	Indian	Indian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	Chinese	Chinese	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	conj	_	_
16	cinnamon	cinnamon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	North	North	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	Near	near	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	East	East	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
29	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	parataxis	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
31	cinnamon	cinnamon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	compound	_	_
32	trade	trade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obj	_	_
33	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
34	very	very	ADV	RB	_	35	advmod	_	_
35	profitable	profitable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	37	amod	_	_
36	revenue	revenue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	compound	_	_
37	generator	generator	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	43	punct	_	_
39	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	43	advmod	_	_
40	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	43	mark	_	_
41	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	42	det	_	_
42	Somali	somali	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	nsubj	_	_
43	merchants	merchant	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	29	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **inflate** | past | the collusive agreement among Somali and Arab traders | the price of Indian cinnamon in North Africa and the East |  |  |  | Europe *obl* | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent price=Patient |
| 2 | **make** | past |  | the cinnamon trade |  |  |  | a profitable revenue generator *obj* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset trade=Beneficiary generator=Product |
| 3 | **merchant** | present | the Somali |  |  |  |  | especially *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Somalia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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