---
title: Hindu merchants from Surat and Southeast African merchants from Pate… — Somalia · tree and pragmatics
description: Hindu merchants from Surat and Southeast African merchants from Pate, seeking to bypass both the Portuguese India blockade (and later the Omani interference), used the Somali ports of Merca and Barawa (which were out of the two powers' direct jurisdiction) to conduct their trade in safety and withou
---

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# Somalia, sentence 88

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From Wikipedia, [«Somalia»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somalia), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Hindu merchants from Surat and Southeast African merchants from Pate, seeking to bypass both the Portuguese India blockade (and later the Omani interference), used the Somali ports of Merca and Barawa (which were out of the two powers' direct jurisdiction) to conduct their trade in safety and without interference.

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**Who acts:** Hindu merchants, Barawa, merchants · **What happens:** seek, bypass, use, be, conduct, trade · **To what, where:** Portuguese India blockade, Somali ports, direct jurisdiction, trade, safety

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Somalia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hindu merchants, Barawa, merchants), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Somalia:88
# text = Hindu merchants from Surat and Southeast African merchants from Pate, seeking to bypass both the Portuguese India blockade (and later the Omani interference), used the Somali ports of Merca and Barawa (which were out of the two powers' direct jurisdiction) to conduct their trade in safety and without interference.
1	Hindu	hindu	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	merchants	merchant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	nsubj	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
4	Surat	Surat	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	Southeast	Southeast	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	African	African	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	merchants	merchant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Pate	Pate	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	seeking	seek	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	conj	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	bypass	bypass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	xcomp	_	_
15	both	both	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc:preconj	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
17	Portuguese	portuguese	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
18	India	India	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	blockade	blockade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
20	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
22	later	late	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	25	advmod	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
24	Omani	Omani	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	compound	_	_
25	interference	interference	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
28	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
30	Somali	Somali	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	compound	_	_
31	ports	port	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	obj	_	_
32	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	Merca	Merca	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	nmod	_	_
34	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
35	Barawa	Barawa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	33	conj	_	_
36	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	46	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	46	nsubj	_	_
38	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	46	cop	_	_
39	out	out	ADP	IN	_	46	case	_	_
40	of	of	ADP	IN	_	46	case	_	_
41	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
42	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	43	nummod	_	_
43	powers	power	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	46	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	'	's	PART	POS	_	43	case	_	_
45	direct	direct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	46	amod	_	_
46	jurisdiction	jurisdiction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
47	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	46	punct	_	_
48	to	to	PART	TO	_	49	mark	_	_
49	conduct	conduct	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	28	advcl	_	_
50	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	51	nmod:poss	_	_
51	trade	trade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	49	obj	_	_
52	in	in	ADP	IN	_	53	case	_	_
53	safety	safety	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	49	obl	_	_
54	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	56	cc	_	_
55	without	without	ADP	IN	_	56	case	_	_
56	interference	interference	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	53	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
57	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	28	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **seek** | gerund | Hindu merchants from Surat African merchants from Pate *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **bypass** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | Hindu merchants from Surat African merchants from Pate *not said here* | the Portuguese India blockade |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **use** | past | Hindu merchants from Surat African merchants from Pate | the Somali ports of Merca and Barawa |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent port=Patient |
| 4 | **is** | past | Barawa |  |  | the two powers's direct jurisdiction |  | the two powers *nmod:poss* | tree rules |
| 5 | **conduct** | to-infinitive | Hindu merchants from Surat African merchants from Pate *not said here* | merchants's trade |  | safety and interference |  |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent trade=Theme in safety=Destination |
| 6 | **trade** |  | merchants *= merchant* |  |  |  |  |  | nom trade «act transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Somalia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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