---
title: The fynbos biome, which makes up the majority of the area and plant… — South Africa · tree and pragmatics
description: The fynbos biome, which makes up the majority of the area and plant life in the Cape Floristic Region, is located in a small region of the Western Cape and contains more than 9,000 of those species, or three times more plant species than found in the Amazon rainforest, making it among the richest re
---

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# South Africa, sentence 224

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From Wikipedia, [«South Africa»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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The fynbos biome, which makes up the majority of the area and plant life in the Cape Floristic Region, is located in a small region of the Western Cape and contains more than 9,000 of those species, or three times more plant species than found in the Amazon rainforest, making it among the richest regions on Earth in terms of plant diversity.

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**Who acts:** fynbos biome, more plant species · **What happens:** make up, locate, contain, find, make, term · **To what, where:** majority, fynbos biome, small region, 9,000, more plant species, Amazon rainforest

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «South Africa». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (fynbos biome, more plant species), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:South_Africa:224
# text = The fynbos biome, which makes up the majority of the area and plant life in the Cape Floristic Region, is located in a small region of the Western Cape and contains more than 9,000 of those species, or three times more plant species than found in the Amazon rainforest, making it among the richest regions on Earth in terms of plant diversity.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	fynbos	fynbo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	compound	_	_
3	biome	biome	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
7	up	up	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	majority	majority	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	area	area	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
18	Cape	Cape	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	flat	_	_
19	Floristic	Floristic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	Region	Region	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
22	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux:pass	_	_
23	located	locate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
24	in	in	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
26	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	region	region	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
30	Western	western	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
31	Cape	Cape	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
33	contains	contain	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	conj	_	_
34	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp|ExtPos=ADV	36	advmod	_	_
35	than	than	ADP	IN	_	34	fixed	_	_
36	9,000	9,000	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	33	obj	_	_
37	of	of	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	39	det	_	_
39	species	species	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	36	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	46	punct	_	_
41	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	46	cc	_	_
42	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	43	nummod	_	_
43	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	44	obl:unmarked	_	_
44	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	46	amod	_	_
45	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	compound	_	_
46	species	species	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	conj	_	_
47	than	than	SCONJ	IN	_	48	mark	_	_
48	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	46	acl	_	_
49	in	in	ADP	IN	_	52	case	_	_
50	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	52	det	_	_
51	Amazon	Amazon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	52	compound	_	_
52	rainforest	rainforest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	48	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
53	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	54	punct	_	_
54	making	make	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	46	acl	_	_
55	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	54	obj	_	_
56	among	among	ADP	IN	_	59	case	_	_
57	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	59	det	_	_
58	richest	rich	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	59	amod	_	_
59	regions	region	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	54	obl	_	_
60	on	on	ADP	IN	_	61	case	_	_
61	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	59	nmod	_	_
62	in	in	ADP	IN	_	63	case	_	_
63	terms	term	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	54	obl	_	_
64	of	of	ADP	IN	_	66	case	_	_
65	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	66	compound	_	_
66	diversity	diversity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	63	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
67	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	23	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make up** | present | the fynbos biome | the majority of the area and plant life in the Floristic Region |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme majority=Pivot |
| 2 | **locate** | present · passive |  | the fynbos biome |  | a small region of the Western Cape |  | more plant species *conj* | tree rules |
| 3 | **contain** | present |  | 9,000 of that species |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot 9,000=Theme |
| 4 | **find** | participle |  | more plant species *not said here* |  | the Amazon rainforest |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **make** | gerund | more plant species *not said here* | majority |  | terms of plant diversity |  | among the richest regions on Earth | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product |
| 6 | **term** |  |  | plant diversity |  |  |  |  | nom term «communication transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «South Africa», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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