---
title: The metropolitan municipalities, which govern the largest urban aggl… — South Africa · tree and pragmatics
description: The metropolitan municipalities, which govern the largest urban agglomerations, perform the functions of both district and local municipalities. Who acts: metropolitan municipalities. A sentence of Wikipedia's «South Africa» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# South Africa, sentence 270

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From Wikipedia, [«South Africa»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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The metropolitan municipalities, which govern the largest urban agglomerations, perform the functions of both district and local municipalities.

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**Who acts:** metropolitan municipalities · **What happens:** govern, perform · **To what, where:** largest urban agglomerations, functions

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «South Africa». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (metropolitan municipalities), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:South_Africa:270
# text = The metropolitan municipalities, which govern the largest urban agglomerations, perform the functions of both district and local municipalities.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	metropolitan	metropolitan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	municipalities	municipality	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	govern	govern	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
8	largest	large	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	10	amod	_	_
9	urban	urban	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	agglomerations	agglomeration	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	perform	perform	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	functions	function	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	17	det	_	_
17	district	district	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	local	local	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	municipalities	municipality	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **govern** | present | the metropolitan municipalities | the largest urban agglomerations |  |  |  | which *nsubj* | vn supervision-95.2.2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent agglomeration=Theme |
| 2 | **perform** | infinitive | the metropolitan municipalities *not said here* | the functions of both district and local municipalities |  |  |  |  | vn performance-26.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent function=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «South Africa», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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