---
title: Between 1980 and 1990, six operational nuclear devices were covertly… — South Africa · tree and pragmatics
description: Between 1980 and 1990, six operational nuclear devices were covertly assembled before the arsenal was voluntarily dismantled in 1991, making South Africa the first country to relinquish its nuclear capability. A sentence of Wikipedia's «South Africa» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# South Africa, sentence 292

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From Wikipedia, [«South Africa»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Between 1980 and 1990, six operational nuclear devices were covertly assembled before the arsenal was voluntarily dismantled in 1991, making South Africa the first country to relinquish its nuclear capability.

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**What happens:** assemble, dismantle, make, relinquish · **To what, where:** six operational nuclear devices, arsenal, 1991, South Africa, nuclear capability

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «South Africa». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:South_Africa:292
# text = Between 1980 and 1990, six operational nuclear devices were covertly assembled before the arsenal was voluntarily dismantled in 1991, making South Africa the first country to relinquish its nuclear capability.
1	Between	between	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	1980	1980	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	12	obl	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	1990	1990	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
6	six	six	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
7	operational	operational	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	nuclear	nuclear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	devices	device	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
11	covertly	covertly	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	assembled	assemble	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
13	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	arsenal	arsenal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj:pass	_	_
16	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux:pass	_	_
17	voluntarily	voluntarily	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	dismantled	dismantle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	advcl	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	1991	1991	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
22	making	make	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	advcl	_	_
23	South	South	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	_
24	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
26	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	27	amod	_	_
27	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	xcomp	_	_
28	to	to	PART	TO	_	29	mark	_	_
29	relinquish	relinquish	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	advcl	_	_
30	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	32	nmod:poss	_	_
31	nuclear	nuclear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	capability	capability	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **assemble** | past · passive |  | six operational nuclear devices |  |  |  | between 1980; covertly *property* | vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V NP.theme»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **dismantle** | past · passive |  | the arsenal |  | 1991 |  | voluntarily *property* | vn disassemble-23.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 3 | **make** | gerund |  | South Africa |  |  |  | the first country *xcomp* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset africa=Product |
| 4 | **relinquish** | to-infinitive |  | country's nuclear capability |  |  |  |  | vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent capability=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «South Africa», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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