---
title: Several important scientific and technological developments have ori… — South Africa · tree and pragmatics
description: Several important scientific and technological developments have originated in South Africa. Who acts: Several important scientific developments. A sentence of Wikipedia's «South Africa» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# South Africa, sentence 356

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From Wikipedia, [«South Africa»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Several important scientific and technological developments have originated in South Africa.

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**Who acts:** Several important scientific developments · **What happens:** originate · **To what, where:** South Africa

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «South Africa». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Several important scientific developments), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:South_Africa:356
# text = Several important scientific and technological developments have originated in South Africa.
1	Several	several	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
2	important	important	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
3	scientific	scientific	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	technological	technological	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
6	developments	development	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
7	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	originated	originate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	South	South	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **originate** | present · perfect | Several important scientific developments |  |  | South Africa |  |  | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «South Africa», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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