---
title: The earliest ironworks in modern-day KwaZulu-Natal are believed to d… — South Africa · tree and pragmatics
description: The earliest ironworks in modern-day KwaZulu-Natal are believed to date from around 1050. A sentence of Wikipedia's «South Africa» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# South Africa, sentence 43

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From Wikipedia, [«South Africa»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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The earliest ironworks in modern-day KwaZulu-Natal are believed to date from around 1050.

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**What happens:** believe · **To what, where:** earliest ironworks, 1050

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «South Africa». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:South_Africa:43
# text = The earliest ironworks in modern-day KwaZulu-Natal are believed to date from around 1050.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	earliest	early	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	3	amod	_	_
3	ironworks	ironwork	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	modern	modern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
8	KwaZulu	KwaZulu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	Natal	Natal	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	flat	_	_
11	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	believed	believe	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	date	date	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	xcomp	_	_
15	from	from	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	around	around	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	1050	1050	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **believe** | present · passive |  | the earliest ironworks in modern day |  | 1050 |  | date *xcomp* | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «South Africa», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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