---
title: There are an estimated 200,000 traditional healers, and up to 60% of… — South Africa · tree and pragmatics
description: There are an estimated 200,000 traditional healers, and up to 60% of South Africans consult these healers, generally called sangoma ('diviner') or inyanga ('herbalist'). Who acts: estimated 200,000 traditional healers, healers. A sentence of Wikipedia's «South Africa» with its dependency tree and pr
---

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[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/South_Africa/441/)

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# South Africa, sentence 441

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From Wikipedia, [«South Africa»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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There are an estimated 200,000 traditional healers, and up to 60% of South Africans consult these healers, generally called sangoma ('diviner') or inyanga ('herbalist').

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**Who acts:** estimated 200,000 traditional healers, healers · **What happens:** be, estimate, consult, call · **To what, where:** healers, sangoma · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «South Africa». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (estimated 200,000 traditional healers, healers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:South_Africa:441
# text = There are an estimated 200,000 traditional healers, and up to 60% of South Africans consult these healers, generally called sangoma ('diviner') or inyanga ('herbalist').
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
4	estimated	estimate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
5	200,000	200000	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
6	traditional	traditional	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	healers	healer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
10	up	up	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	60	60	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	13	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	%	%	SYM	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	South	South	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	Africans	African	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	_
17	consult	consult	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
18	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	19	det	_	_
19	healers	healer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	generally	generally	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
22	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	acl	_	_
23	sangoma	sangoma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	xcomp	_	_
24	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	diviner	diviner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	26	punct	_	_
29	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
30	inyanga	inyanga	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	conj	_	_
31	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	33	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	33	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	herbalist	herbalist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	33	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	33	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **does** | present | a estimated 200,000 traditional healers |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **estimate** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn estimate-34.2-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **consult** | present |  | this healers |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent healer=Theme |
| 4 | **call** | participle | this healers *not said here* | sangoma or inyanga |  |  |  | generally *property* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «South Africa», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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