---
title: The South African black majority still has a substantial number of r… — South Africa · tree and pragmatics
description: The South African black majority still has a substantial number of rural inhabitants who lead largely impoverished lives. Who acts: African black majority, rural inhabitants. A sentence of Wikipedia's «South Africa» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/South_Africa/479/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/) / [en](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/) / [South Africa](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/South_Africa/) / 479

# South Africa, sentence 479

<!-- div src -->

From Wikipedia, [«South Africa»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The South African black majority still has a substantial number of rural inhabitants who lead largely impoverished lives.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** African black majority, rural inhabitants · **What happens:** have, lead, impoverish · **To what, where:** substantial number, impoverished lives

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «South Africa». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (African black majority, rural inhabitants), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:South_Africa:479
# text = The South African black majority still has a substantial number of rural inhabitants who lead largely impoverished lives.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	South	South	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	African	African	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	majority	majority	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	still	still	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	substantial	substantial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	rural	rural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	inhabitants	inhabitant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	_
14	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
15	lead	lead	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	acl:relcl	_	_
16	largely	largely	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	impoverished	impoverish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	amod	_	_
18	lives	life	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the African black majority | a substantial number of rural inhabitants |  |  | still |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent number=Patient |
| 2 | **lead** | present | rural inhabitants | impoverished lives |  |  |  |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent life=Theme |
| 3 | **impoverish** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | largely *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «South Africa», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [sentence 478](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/South_Africa/478/)
- next →: [sentence 480](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/South_Africa/480/)
- ↑ back to [South Africa](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/South_Africa/)