---
title: Rainmaking was crucial to the development of sacral kingship, and se… — South Africa · tree and pragmatics
description: Rainmaking was crucial to the development of sacral kingship, and several rainmaking sites have been found nearby including Ratho Kroonkop. Who acts: Rainmaking. A sentence of Wikipedia's «South Africa» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# South Africa, sentence 48

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From Wikipedia, [«South Africa»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Rainmaking was crucial to the development of sacral kingship, and several rainmaking sites have been found nearby including Ratho Kroonkop.

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**Who acts:** Rainmaking · **What happens:** be, find, include, develop · **To what, where:** several rainmaking sites, sacral kingship

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «South Africa». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Rainmaking), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:South_Africa:48
# text = Rainmaking was crucial to the development of sacral kingship, and several rainmaking sites have been found nearby including Ratho Kroonkop.
1	Rainmaking	rainmaking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	crucial	crucial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	development	development	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	sacral	sacral	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	kingship	kingship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
12	several	several	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
13	rainmaking	rainmaking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	sites	site	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nsubj:pass	_	_
15	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
16	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	17	aux:pass	_	_
17	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
18	nearby	nearby	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
19	including	include	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	20	case	_	_
20	Ratho	Ratho	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
21	Kroonkop	Kroonkop	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Rainmaking |  |  |  |  | to the development of sacral kingship; crucial *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **find** | present · perfect · passive |  | several rainmaking sites |  |  |  | include Ratho; nearby *property* | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |
| 3 | **include** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **develop** |  |  | sacral kingship |  |  |  |  | nom development «act transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «South Africa», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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