---
title: Common braai staples include boerewors (spiced sausage), lamb chops,… — South Africa · tree and pragmatics
description: Common braai staples include boerewors (spiced sausage), lamb chops, steak, pap (maize porridge) and chakalaka (spicy relish). Who acts: Common staples, chakalaka. A sentence of Wikipedia's «South Africa» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# South Africa, sentence 524

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From Wikipedia, [«South Africa»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Common braai staples include boerewors (spiced sausage), lamb chops, steak, pap (maize porridge) and chakalaka (spicy relish).

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**Who acts:** Common staples, chakalaka · **What happens:** include, spice, relish · **To what, where:** boerewors

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «South Africa». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Common staples, chakalaka), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:South_Africa:524
# text = Common braai staples include boerewors (spiced sausage), lamb chops, steak, pap (maize porridge) and chakalaka (spicy relish).
1	Common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	braai	braai	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	3	nmod	_	_
3	staples	staple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	include	include	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	boerewors	boerewor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	spiced	spice	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	sausage	sausage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	lamb	lamb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	chops	chop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	steak	steak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	pap	pap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
17	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	maize	maize	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	porridge	porridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	19	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
22	chakalaka	chakalaka	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	25	nsubj	_	_
23	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	spicy	spicy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	relish	relish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **include** | present | Common staples  braai | boerewors |  |  |  |  | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent boerewor=Theme |
| 2 | **spice** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **relish** |  | chakalaka |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «South Africa», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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