--- title: They migrated to the future Natal, Free State, and Transvaal regions… — South Africa · tree and pragmatics description: They migrated to the future Natal, Free State, and Transvaal regions, and following their victory over the Zulu Kingdom at the Battle of Blood River on 16 December 1838, founded the Boer republics: the Natalia Republic, the South African Republic and the Orange Free State. Who acts: pathfinders. 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They migrated to the future Natal, Free State, and Transvaal regions, and following their victory over the Zulu Kingdom at the Battle of Blood River on 16 December 1838, founded the Boer republics: the Natalia Republic, the South African Republic and the Orange Free State. **Who acts:** pathfinders · **What happens:** migrate, follow, found · **To what, where:** Natal Free State, 16, victory, Zulu Kingdom, Boer republics This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «South Africa». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (pathfinders), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = wikipedia:South_Africa:96 # text = They migrated to the future Natal, Free State, and Transvaal regions, and following their victory over the Zulu Kingdom at the Battle of Blood River on 16 December 1838, founded the Boer republics: the Natalia Republic, the South African Republic and the Orange Free State. 1 They they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 2 migrated migrate VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 to to ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 future future NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obl _ _ 6 Natal natal ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ SpaceAfter=No 7 , , PUNCT , _ 9 punct _ _ 8 Free free ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 9 State State PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 obl:unmarked _ SpaceAfter=No 10 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 11 and and CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 12 Transvaal transvaal NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 compound _ _ 13 regions region NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 14 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 15 and and CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 16 following follow VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 2 parataxis _ _ 17 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ _ 18 victory victory NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obj _ _ 19 over over ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 20 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 21 Zulu Zulu PROPN NNP Number=Sing 22 compound _ _ 22 Kingdom Kingdom PROPN NNP Number=Sing 16 obl _ _ 23 at at ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 24 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 25 Battle Battle PROPN NNP Number=Sing 16 obl _ _ 26 of of ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 27 Blood Blood PROPN NNP Number=Sing 28 compound _ _ 28 River River PROPN NNP Number=Sing 25 nmod _ _ 29 on on ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 30 16 16 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 2 obl _ _ 31 December December PROPN NNP Number=Sing 30 nmod:unmarked _ _ 32 1838 1838 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 30 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 33 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 34 founded found VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 35 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 37 det _ _ 36 Boer boer NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 compound _ _ 37 republics republic NOUN NNS Number=Plur 34 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 38 : : PUNCT : _ 41 punct _ _ 39 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 41 det _ _ 40 Natalia Natalia PROPN NNP Number=Sing 41 compound _ _ 41 Republic Republic PROPN NNP Number=Sing 37 appos _ SpaceAfter=No 42 , , PUNCT , _ 46 punct _ _ 43 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 46 det _ _ 44 South South PROPN NNP Number=Sing 46 compound _ _ 45 African African PROPN NNP Number=Sing 46 compound _ _ 46 Republic Republic PROPN NNP Number=Sing 41 appos _ _ 47 and and CCONJ CC _ 51 cc _ _ 48 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 51 det _ _ 49 Orange Orange ADJ NNP Degree=Pos 51 amod _ _ 50 Free free ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 51 amod _ _ 51 State State PROPN NNP Number=Sing 41 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 52 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **migrate** | past | pathfinders *= pathfinder* | Natal Free State | | 16 December 1838 | | to the future; Transvaal regions *obl* | tree rules | | 2 | **follow** | gerund | | pathfinders's victory | | the Zulu Kingdom | | at the Battle of Blood River | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent victory=Theme over kingdom=Trajectory | | 3 | **found** | past | pathfinders *= pathfinder* *not said here* | the Boer republics | | | | | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent republic=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** the English Wikipedia, «South Africa», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0. - ← previous: [sentence 95](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/South_Africa/95/) - next →: [sentence 97](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/South_Africa/97/) - ↑ back to [South Africa](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/South_Africa/)