---
title: However, it was expected to peak at 52 million in 2024 and decline t… — South Korea · tree and pragmatics
description: However, it was expected to peak at 52 million in 2024 and decline to 36 million by 2072, owing to a rapid decline in birth rates that began in 1960. Who acts: population, birth rates. A sentence of Wikipedia's «South Korea» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# South Korea, sentence 396

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From Wikipedia, [«South Korea»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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However, it was expected to peak at 52 million in 2024 and decline to 36 million by 2072, owing to a rapid decline in birth rates that began in 1960.

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**Who acts:** population, birth rates · **What happens:** expect, peak, owe, begin · **To what, where:** population, 52 million, rapid decline, 1960

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «South Korea». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (population, birth rates), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:South_Korea:396
# text = However, it was expected to peak at 52 million in 2024 and decline to 36 million by 2072, owing to a rapid decline in birth rates that began in 1960.
1	However	however	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	expected	expect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	peak	peak	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	52	52	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	compound	_	_
10	million	million	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	obl	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	2024	2024	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	nmod	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	decline	decline	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	36	36	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	17	compound	_	_
17	million	million	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	14	nmod	_	_
18	by	by	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	2072	2072	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	owing	owe	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
22	to	to	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
23	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
24	rapid	rapid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	decline	decline	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
26	in	in	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	birth	birth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	compound	_	_
28	rates	rate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	nmod	_	_
29	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	30	nsubj	_	_
30	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	acl:relcl	_	_
31	in	in	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	1960	1960	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	30	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **expect** | past · passive |  | population |  |  |  | however *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **peak** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | population *not said here* |  |  | 52 million in 2024 and decline to 36 million |  | by 2072 | tree rules |
| 3 | **owe** | gerund | population *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to a rapid decline in birth rates *goal* | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent to decline=Goal |
| 4 | **begin** | past | birth rates |  |  | 1960 |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «South Korea», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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